McDowell Betsy M, Pasek Tracy Ann, Perlick Christine, Kostie Kylie
Betsy M. McDowell is a professor emerita of nursing, Newberry College, Newberry, South Carolina.
Tracy Ann Pasek is a systems analyst and clinical nurse specialist, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Crit Care Nurse. 2022 Dec 1;42(6):66-72. doi: 10.4037/ccn2022215.
Any experience that a child perceives as threatening or detrimental and has long-term consequences for the child's holistic health and welfare qualifies as trauma. Whether an experience is traumatic depends on the 3 E's of trauma: the event, the experience of the event, and the effects. Traumatic events can affect an infant's or child's development and have lifelong repercussions. Because of the prevalence of pediatric trauma, trauma-informed care has become the standard of care. Nurses are perfectly positioned to lead trauma-informed care in the pediatric intensive care unit. This article explores the components of trauma-informed care and the application of this standard of care to children in the pediatric intensive care unit. The nurse providing trauma-informed care understands the impact of trauma on the child, the family, and the staff and responds by integrating knowledge about trauma into care, both individually and systemwide, seeking to actively avoid retraumatization. This article presents the 6 principles of trauma-informed care and 3 case examples illustrating the application of these principles in the pediatric intensive care unit. Additional resources are provided to equip critical care nurses to fully implement this standard of care for critically ill children.
任何被儿童视为具有威胁性或有害性且会对其整体健康和福祉产生长期影响的经历都可被视为创伤。一种经历是否具有创伤性取决于创伤的三个要素：事件本身、对该事件的体验以及所产生的影响。创伤性事件会影响婴幼儿或儿童的发育，并产生终身影响。由于儿科创伤的普遍性，创伤知情护理已成为护理标准。护士在儿科重症监护病房中处于引领创伤知情护理的绝佳位置。本文探讨了创伤知情护理的组成部分以及该护理标准在儿科重症监护病房儿童护理中的应用。提供创伤知情护理的护士了解创伤对儿童、家庭和医护人员的影响，并通过将有关创伤的知识融入个体和系统层面的护理中做出回应，力求积极避免再次造成创伤。本文介绍了创伤知情护理的六项原则以及三个案例，说明这些原则在儿科重症监护病房中的应用。还提供了额外的资源，以使重症护理护士能够全面实施针对重症儿童的这一护理标准。
