Griff Jessica R, Langlie Jake, Bencie Nathalie B, Cromar Zachary J, Mittal Jeenu, Memis Idil, Wallace Steven, Marcillo Alexander E, Mittal Rahul, Eshraghi Adrien A
Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Neurotology Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Neural Regen Res. 2023 Jun;18(6):1191-1195. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.360163.
Autism spectrum disorder is classified as a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders with an unknown definitive etiology. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder show deficits in a variety of areas including cognition, memory, attention, emotion recognition, and social skills. With no definitive treatment or cure, the main interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder are based on behavioral modulations. Recently, noninvasive brain modulation techniques including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, intermittent theta burst stimulation, continuous theta burst stimulation, and transcranial direct current stimulation have been studied for their therapeutic properties of modifying neuroplasticity, particularly in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Preliminary evidence from small cohort studies, pilot studies, and clinical trials suggests that the various noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have therapeutic benefits for treating both behavioral and cognitive manifestations of autism spectrum disorder. However, little data is available for quantifying the clinical significance of these findings as well as the long-term outcomes of individuals with autism spectrum disorder who underwent transcranial stimulation. The objective of this review is to highlight the most recent advancements in the application of noninvasive brain modulation technology in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
自闭症谱系障碍被归类为一系列神经发育障碍，其确切病因不明。患有自闭症谱系障碍的个体在包括认知、记忆、注意力、情感识别和社交技能等多个领域存在缺陷。由于没有确切的治疗方法或治愈手段，对自闭症谱系障碍患者的主要干预措施基于行为调节。最近，包括重复经颅磁刺激、间歇性θ波爆发刺激、连续性θ波爆发刺激和经颅直流电刺激在内的非侵入性脑调节技术因其改变神经可塑性的治疗特性而受到研究，尤其是在自闭症谱系障碍患者中。来自小型队列研究、初步研究和临床试验的初步证据表明，各种非侵入性脑刺激技术对治疗自闭症谱系障碍的行为和认知表现具有治疗益处。然而，几乎没有数据可用于量化这些发现的临床意义以及接受经颅刺激的自闭症谱系障碍患者的长期预后。本综述的目的是突出非侵入性脑调节技术在自闭症谱系障碍患者应用中的最新进展。
