Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
Western Bulldogs, Melbourne, Australia.
PLoS One. 2022 Dec 1;17(12):e0278644. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278644. eCollection 2022.
Evaluating practice design is an important component of supporting skill acquisition and improving team-sport performance. Constraint manipulations, including creating a numerical advantage or disadvantage during training, may be implemented by coaches to influence aspects of player or team behaviour. This study presents methods to evaluate the interaction between technical, tactical and physical behaviours of professional Australian Football players during numerical advantage and disadvantage conditions within a small-sided game. During each repetition of the game, team behaviour was manually annotated to determine: repetition duration, disposal speed, total disposals, efficiency, and disposal type. Global Positioning System devices were used to quantify tactical (surface area) and physical (velocity and high intensity running) variables. A rule association and classification tree analysis were undertaken. The top five rules for each constraint manipulation had confidence levels between 73.3% and 100%, which identified the most frequent behaviour interactions. Specifically, four advantage rules involved high surface area and medium high intensity running indicating the attacking team's frequent movement solution within this constraint. The classification tree included three behaviour metrics: surface area, velocity 1SD and repetition duration, and identified two unique movement solutions for each constraint manipulation. These results may inform if player behaviour is achieving the desired outcomes of a constraint manipulation, which could help practitioners determine the efficacy of a training task. Further, critical constraint values provided by the models may guide practitioners in their ongoing constraint manipulations to facilitate skill acquisition. Sport practitioners can adapt these methods to evaluate constraint manipulations and inform practice design.
评估实践设计是支持技能获取和提高团队运动表现的重要组成部分。教练可以通过约束操纵来影响球员或团队行为的各个方面，包括在训练中创造数字优势或劣势。本研究提出了一种方法，用于评估在小场比赛中数字优势和劣势条件下，职业澳式足球运动员的技术、战术和身体行为之间的相互作用。在比赛的每一次重复中，团队行为都经过手动注释，以确定重复持续时间、处置速度、总处置次数、效率和处置类型。全球定位系统设备用于量化战术（表面积）和物理（速度和高强度跑动）变量。进行了规则关联和分类树分析。每个约束操作的前五条规则的置信水平在 73.3%到 100%之间，这些规则确定了最常见的行为相互作用。具体来说，四项优势规则涉及高表面积和中高强度跑动，表明在这种约束下，进攻球队频繁的移动解决方案。分类树包括三个行为指标：表面积、速度 1SD 和重复持续时间，并为每个约束操作识别了两种独特的移动解决方案。这些结果可以说明球员行为是否达到了约束操作的预期结果，这可以帮助从业者确定训练任务的效果。此外，模型提供的关键约束值可以指导从业者在不断的约束操作中，促进技能的获取。体育从业者可以采用这些方法来评估约束操作，并为实践设计提供信息。
