作为运动生态设计师的体育从业者:生态动力学如何逐渐改变了对体育环境中技能“习得”的认知。

Sport Practitioners as Sport Ecology Designers: How Ecological Dynamics Has Progressively Changed Perceptions of Skill "Acquisition" in the Sporting Habitat.

作者信息

Woods Carl T, McKeown Ian, Rothwell Martyn, Araújo Duarte, Robertson Sam, Davids Keith

机构信息

Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Port Adelaide Football Club, Football Department, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

出版信息

Front Psychol. 2020 Apr 24;11:654. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00654. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Over two decades ago, Davids et al. (1994) and Handford et al. (1997) raised theoretical concerns associated with traditional, reductionist, and mechanistic perspectives of movement coordination and skill acquisition for sport scientists interested in practical applications for training designs. These seminal papers advocated an emerging consciousness grounded in an ecological approach, signaling the need for sports practitioners to appreciate the constraints-led, deeply entangled, and non-linear reciprocity between the organism (performer), task, and environment subsystems. Over two decades later, the areas of skill acquisition, practice and training design, performance analysis and preparation, and talent development in sport science have never been so vibrant in terms of theoretical modeling, knowledge generation and innovation, and technological deployment. Viewed at an ecological level of analysis, the work of sports practitioners has progressively transitioned toward the facilitation of an evolving relationship between an organism (athlete and team) and its environment (sports competition). This commentary sets out to explore how these original ideas from Davids et al. (1994) and Handford et al. (1997) have been advanced through the theoretical lens of ecological dynamics. Concurrently, we provide case study exemplars, from applied practice in high-performance sports organizations, to illustrate how these contemporary perspectives are shaping the work of sports practitioners (sport ecology designers) in practice and in performance preparation.

摘要

二十多年前,戴维兹等人(1994年)和汉德福德等人(1997年)对运动协调和技能习得的传统、还原论及机械论观点提出了理论层面的担忧,这些观点是针对那些对训练设计的实际应用感兴趣的体育科学家而言的。这些具有开创性的论文倡导一种基于生态方法的新观念,表明体育从业者需要认识到在有机体(运动员)、任务和环境子系统之间存在的以限制为导向、深度交织且非线性的相互作用。二十多年后,体育科学领域的技能习得、实践与训练设计、表现分析与准备以及人才培养等方面,在理论建模、知识生成与创新以及技术应用方面从未像现在这样充满活力。从生态分析层面来看,体育从业者的工作已逐渐转向促进有机体(运动员和团队)与其环境(体育竞赛)之间不断演变的关系。本评论旨在探讨戴维兹等人(1994年)和汉德福德等人(1997年)的这些原创观点是如何通过生态动力学的理论视角得到发展的。同时,我们提供了一些来自高水平体育组织实际应用的案例样本,以说明这些当代观点如何在实践和表现准备中塑造体育从业者(体育生态设计师)的工作。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/161e/7194200/46c0163e3130/fpsyg-11-00654-g001.jpg

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