Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 448249University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2022 Jan-Dec;41:9603271221143029. doi: 10.1177/09603271221143029.
This study aimed to elucidate the effects of amifostine (ethyol) (AM), a synthetic radioprotector, and red ginseng (RG), a natural radioprotective agent, against the toxic effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on kidney tissues through changes in biochemical and histopathological parameters in addition to contributions to the use of amifostine and RG in clinical studies Five groups were established: Group I (control, receiving only saline by gavage), Group II (IR only), and Group III (IR+AM, 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.). Group IV (IR + RG, 200 mg/kg orally once a day for 4 weeks), and Group V (IR+RG+AM, 200 mg/kg orally once/day for 4 weeks before IR and 200 mg/kg AM administered (i.p.) 30 min before IR). All groups, except for the control group, were subject to 6-Gy whole-body IR in a single fraction. 24 h after irradiation, all animals were sacrificed under anesthesia. IR enhanced MDA, 8-OHdG, and caspase-3 expression while decreasing renal tissue GSH levels ( < .05). Significant numbers of necrotic tubules together with diffuse vacuolization in proximal and distal tubule epithelial cells were also observed. The examination also revealed substantial brush boundary loss in proximal tubules as well as relatively unusual glomerular structures. While GSH levels significantly increased in the AM, RG, and AM+RG groups, a decrease in KHDS, MDA, 8-OHdG, and caspase-3 expression was observed, compared to the group subject to IR only ( < .05). Therefore, reactive oxygen species-scavenging antioxidants may represent a promising treatment for avoiding kidney damage in patients receiving radiation.
本研究旨在通过生化和组织病理学参数的变化，阐明合成辐射防护剂氨磷汀（ethyol）（AM）和天然辐射防护剂红参（RG）对电离辐射（IR）对肾脏组织的毒性作用的影响，此外还探讨了 AM 和 RG 在临床研究中的应用。建立了五组：第 I 组（对照组，仅通过灌胃给予生理盐水）、第 II 组（仅 IR）、第 III 组（IR+AM，200mg/kg 腹腔内（i.p.）。第 IV 组（IR+RG，200mg/kg 口服，每周一次，共 4 周）和第 V 组（IR+RG+AM，4 周前每天口服 200mg/kg，IR 前 30 分钟给予 200mg/kg AM（i.p.）。除对照组外，所有组均接受单次全身 6-Gy IR。照射后 24 小时，所有动物在麻醉下处死。IR 增强 MDA、8-OHdG 和 caspase-3 的表达，同时降低肾组织 GSH 水平（<0.05）。还观察到大量坏死的肾小管以及近端和远端肾小管上皮细胞弥漫性空泡化。检查还显示近端肾小管的刷状边界大量丢失，以及相对不寻常的肾小球结构。与仅接受 IR 的组相比，AM、RG 和 AM+RG 组的 GSH 水平显著升高，而 KHDS、MDA、8-OHdG 和 caspase-3 的表达降低（<0.05）。因此，清除活性氧的抗氧化剂可能是避免接受辐射的患者肾脏损伤的一种有前途的治疗方法。
