Nur Gokhan, Caylak Emrah, Kilicle Pinar Aksu, Sandayuk Safak, Celebi Ozlem Onen
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, Turkey.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Girne American University, Kyrenia, Cyprus.
Open Med (Wars). 2022 Nov 21;17(1):1788-1796. doi: 10.1515/med-2022-0603. eCollection 2022.
Pesticides, which adversely affect the critical metabolic processes of organisms, disrupt the physiological balance by specifically targeting enzymes and may lead to such consequences that may lead to death. It provides benefits in agricultural activities. The p53 protein antagonizes bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein character, and induces apoptosis by causing mitochondrial membrane permeability. This study aims to show the effect of acetamiprid, which is an insecticide from the neonicotinoid class, on bcl-2 and p53 immunoreactivity, which has an important place in the apoptotic mechanism in kidney tissue. A total of four groups including control and three experimental groups (the acetamiprid was administered 5, 10, and 15 mg kg) were formed in the study. After acetamiprid was administered via gavage for 14 days, the kidney tissues taken from the mice, which were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution for histological and immunohistochemical analyses, and as a result of routine tissue follow-up, the sections were blocked in paraffin and stained with haematoxylin-eosin and immunostaining. The histopathological examinations revealed that while the kidney tissue had a normal structure in the control group, degeneration in the distal and proximal tubules, glomerular degeneration, increase in the capsular area, glomerular atrophy, and haemorrhage were determined in the acetamiprid groups at increasing severity and frequency depending on the dose of the applied substance. In the kidney tissue, Bcl-2 and p53 immunoreactivity was observed in glomerular cells, sinusoidal epithelium, and proximal and distal tubule cells. The acetamiprid caused pathological changes in the kidneys in the dose range used. This effect also affects the expression of bcl-2 and p53 genes, which are biomarkers in the apoptotic mechanism. As acetamiprid accumulates in tissues, it increases the expression of p53 from cell death receptors, while suppressing the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 expression.
农药会对生物体的关键代谢过程产生不利影响，通过特异性作用于酶来破坏生理平衡，并可能导致死亡等后果。它在农业活动中有一定益处。p53蛋白拮抗具有抗凋亡特性的bcl-2蛋白，并通过引起线粒体膜通透性来诱导细胞凋亡。本研究旨在表明新烟碱类杀虫剂啶虫脒对肾组织凋亡机制中具有重要地位的bcl-2和p53免疫反应性的影响。研究共分为四组，包括对照组和三个实验组（分别给予5、10和15毫克/千克的啶虫脒）。经口灌胃给予啶虫脒14天后，通过颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠，取出肾脏组织，固定于10%甲醛溶液中进行组织学和免疫组织化学分析，经常规组织处理后，将切片进行石蜡包埋，并用苏木精-伊红染色和免疫染色。组织病理学检查显示，对照组肾组织结构正常，而在啶虫脒组中，根据所施物质剂量的增加，远端和近端肾小管出现变性、肾小球变性、包膜面积增加、肾小球萎缩和出血，且严重程度和发生频率逐渐增加。在肾组织中，在肾小球细胞、窦状上皮细胞以及近端和远端肾小管细胞中观察到了Bcl-2和p53免疫反应性。在所使用的剂量范围内，啶虫脒导致肾脏出现病理变化。这种作用还影响凋亡机制中的生物标志物bcl-2和p53基因的表达。随着啶虫脒在组织中蓄积，它会增加细胞死亡受体处p53的表达，同时抑制抗凋亡的bcl-2表达。
