Zhang Jie, Li Ziyi, Wu Yige, Ye Adam Yongxin, Chen Lei, Yang Xiaoxu, Wu Qixi, Wei Liping
Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Front Neurosci. 2022 Nov 17;16:915464. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.915464. eCollection 2022.
Deficits in responding to joint attention (RJA) are early symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Currently, no automated tools exist for identifying and quantifying RJA behaviors. A few eye tracking studies have investigated RJA in ASD children but have produced conflicting results. In addition, little is known about the trajectory of RJA development through developmental age. Here, a new video was designed including 12 clips of an actor pointing to or looking at an object. Eye tracking technology was used to monitor RJA in three groups: 143 ASD children assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) (4-7 years old), 113 age- and gender-matched typically developing children (TDC), and 43 typically developing adults (TDA) (19-32 years old). RJAfinder was developed in R and MATLAB to quantify RJA events from the eye tracking data. RJA events were compared among the three groups. Spearman correlation coefficients between total number of RJA events in ASD and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores were calculated. A logistic regression model was built using the average valid sampling rate and the total number of RJA events as two predictive variables to classify ASD and TDC groups. ASD children displayed statistically significantly less RJA events than the TDC and TDA groups with medium-to-large-sized effects. ASD and TDC children both displayed more RJA events in response to pointing stimuli than to looking stimuli. Our logistic regression model predicted ASD tendency with 0.76 accuracy in the testing set. RJA ability improved more slowly between the ages of 4-7 years old in the ASD group than in the TDC group. In ASD children, RJA ability showed negative correlation with SRS total T-score as well as the scores of five subdomains. Our study provides an automated tool for quantifying RJA and insights for the study of RJA in ASD children, which may help improve ASD screening, subtyping, and behavior interventions.
对共同注意(RJA)做出反应的缺陷是自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的早期症状。目前,不存在用于识别和量化RJA行为的自动化工具。一些眼动追踪研究调查了ASD儿童的RJA,但结果相互矛盾。此外,对于RJA在发育年龄阶段的发展轨迹知之甚少。在此,设计了一个新视频,其中包含一名演员指向或看向一个物体的12个片段。使用眼动追踪技术在三组中监测RJA:143名接受自闭症诊断访谈修订版(ADI-R)和自闭症诊断观察量表(ADOS)评估的ASD儿童(4至7岁)、113名年龄和性别匹配的发育正常儿童(TDC)以及43名发育正常的成年人(TDA)(19至32岁)。在R和MATLAB中开发了RJAfinder,以从眼动追踪数据中量化RJA事件。比较了三组之间的RJA事件。计算了ASD中RJA事件总数与社会反应量表(SRS)得分之间的斯皮尔曼相关系数。使用平均有效采样率和RJA事件总数作为两个预测变量建立逻辑回归模型,以对ASD和TDC组进行分类。ASD儿童表现出的RJA事件在统计学上显著少于TDC和TDA组,效应量为中到大型。ASD和TDC儿童对指向刺激的RJA事件均多于对看向刺激的RJA事件。我们的逻辑回归模型在测试集中预测ASD倾向的准确率为0.76。ASD组4至7岁之间的RJA能力比TDC组提高得更慢。在ASD儿童中,RJA能力与SRS总T分数以及五个子领域的分数呈负相关。我们的研究提供了一种用于量化RJA的自动化工具,并为研究ASD儿童的RJA提供了见解,这可能有助于改善ASD的筛查、亚型分类和行为干预。