Zhu Xiaoqi, Wang Chuanxuan, Duan Xiaoyu, Liang Boxuan, Genbo Xu Elvis, Huang Zhenlie
NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark.
Environ Int. 2023 Jan;171:107662. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107662. Epub 2022 Nov 26.
Exposure to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) is inevitable due to their omnipresence in the environment. A growing body of studies has advanced our understanding of the potential toxicity of MNPs but knowledge gaps still exist regarding the adverse effects of MNPs on the cardiovascular system and underlying mechanisms, particularly in humans. Here, we reviewed up-to-date data published in the past 10 years on MNP-driven cardiovascular toxicity and mechanisms. Forty-six articles concerning ADME (absorption, distribution, and aggregation behaviors) and toxicity of MNPs in the circulatory system of animals and human cells were analyzed and summarized. The results showed that MNPs affected cardiac functions and caused toxicity on (micro)vascular sites. Direct cardiac toxicity of MNPs included abnormal heart rate, cardiac function impairment, pericardial edema, and myocardial fibrosis. On (micro)vascular sites, MNPs induced hemolysis, thrombosis, blood coagulation, and vascular endothelial damage. The main mechanisms included oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and interaction between MNPs and multiple cellular components. Cardiovascular toxicity was determined by the properties (type, size, surface, and structure) of MNPs, exposure dose and duration, protein presence, the life stage, sex, and species of the tested organisms, as well as the interaction with other environmental contamination. The limited quantitative information on MNPs' ADME and the lack of guidelines for MNP cardiotoxicity testing makes risk assessment on cardiac health impossible. Furthermore, the future directions of cardiovascular research on MNPs are recommended to enable more realistic health risk assessment.
由于微塑料和纳米塑料（MNPs）在环境中无处不在，接触它们不可避免。越来越多的研究增进了我们对MNPs潜在毒性的理解，但关于MNPs对心血管系统的不利影响及其潜在机制仍存在知识空白，尤其是在人类方面。在此，我们回顾了过去10年发表的关于MNPs引发的心血管毒性及其机制的最新数据。分析并总结了46篇关于MNPs在动物和人类细胞循环系统中的吸收、分布、代谢（ADME）及毒性的文章。结果表明，MNPs影响心脏功能并对（微）血管部位产生毒性。MNPs的直接心脏毒性包括心率异常、心脏功能受损、心包水肿和心肌纤维化。在（微）血管部位，MNPs会引发溶血、血栓形成、血液凝固和血管内皮损伤。主要机制包括氧化应激、炎症、凋亡、焦亡以及MNPs与多种细胞成分之间的相互作用。心血管毒性由MNPs的性质（类型、大小、表面和结构）、暴露剂量和持续时间、蛋白质的存在、受试生物的生命阶段、性别和物种，以及与其他环境污染的相互作用决定。关于MNPs的ADME的定量信息有限，且缺乏MNPs心脏毒性测试的指导方针，这使得对心脏健康进行风险评估变得不可能。此外，还推荐了MNPs心血管研究的未来方向，以实现更现实的健康风险评估。
