Autophagy regulation of and on biofilm formation and antifungal resistance in .

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic pathway that is vital for cells; however, the effects of autophagy on the biofilm formation and antifungal resistance of are still unknown. In this study, the potential molecular mechanisms of autophagy in biofilm formation and antifungal resistance were investigated. It was found that 3536 genes were differentially expressed between biofilm and planktonic gene expression and autophagy activity were higher in biofilm than in planktonic . Autophagic activities were higher in matured biofilms than that in pre-matured biofilms. Autophagy was involved in biofilm formation and its activity increased during biofilm maturation. Further, ALP activity, AO staining cells, and autophagosomes inside cells were obviously reduced in biofilms of and strains; moreover, biofilm formation and antifungal resistance were also significantly decreased. Lastly, autophagy regulates biofilm formation and drug resistance of and could be served as a new molecular target to the biofilm infections.