Mei Si, Deng Zhe, Chen Yating, Ning Dimin, Guo Yinmei, Fan Xingxing, Wang Ruoyu, Meng Yuelin, Zhou Qing, Tian Xuefei
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Formulas and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Front Physiol. 2022 Nov 22;13:1040991. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1040991. eCollection 2022.
Gastrointestinal cancer may be associated with dysbiosis, which is characterized by an alteration of the gut microbiota. Understanding the role of gut microbiota in the development of gastrointestinal cancer is useful for cancer prevention and gut microbiota-based therapy. However, the potential role of dysbiosis in the onset of tumorigenesis is not fully understood. While accumulating evidence has demonstrated the presence of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota of both healthy individuals and patients with various digestive system diseases, severe dysbiosis is often present in patients with digestive system cancer. Importantly, specific bacteria have been isolated from the fecal samples of these patients. Thus, the association between dysbiosis and the development of digestive system cancer cannot be ignored. A new model describing this relationship must be established. In this review, we postulate that dysbiosis serves as the first hit for the development of digestive system cancer. Dysbiosis-induced alterations, including inflammation, aberrant immune response, bacteria-produced genotoxins, and cellular stress response associated with genetic, epigenetic, and/or neoplastic changes, are second hits that speed carcinogenesis. This review explains the mechanisms for these four pathways and discusses gut microbiota-based therapies. The content included in this review will shed light on gut microbiota-based strategies for cancer prevention and therapy.
胃肠道癌症可能与肠道菌群失调有关，其特征是肠道微生物群发生改变。了解肠道微生物群在胃肠道癌症发生发展中的作用，对于癌症预防和基于肠道微生物群的治疗具有重要意义。然而，菌群失调在肿瘤发生起始阶段的潜在作用尚未完全明确。尽管越来越多的证据表明，健康个体和各种消化系统疾病患者的肠道微生物群中均存在菌群失调现象，但严重的菌群失调常出现在消化系统癌症患者中。重要的是，已从这些患者的粪便样本中分离出特定细菌。因此，菌群失调与消化系统癌症发生发展之间的关联不容忽视。必须建立一个描述这种关系的新模型。在本综述中，我们假定菌群失调是消化系统癌症发生发展的首要因素。由菌群失调引起的改变，包括炎症、异常免疫反应、细菌产生的基因毒素以及与遗传、表观遗传和/或肿瘤变化相关的细胞应激反应，是加速致癌作用的次要因素。本综述解释了这四条途径的机制，并讨论了基于肠道微生物群的治疗方法。本综述所包含的内容将为基于肠道微生物群的癌症预防和治疗策略提供启示。
