Rara Shivani, Singla Neena, Brar Sukhmanpreet Kaur, Mandla Dimple, Das Singla Lachhman
Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
Acta Parasitol. 2023 Mar;68(1):172-181. doi: 10.1007/s11686-022-00652-z. Epub 2022 Dec 9.
The present study aimed to record the prevalence, risk factors, molecular identification, and phylogeny of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis found in the small intestine of the lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis, a wild rodent species.
A total of 100 bandicoot rats live trapped at two commensal urban locations (50 each), i.e., a fish market and railway station, in Ludhiana, Punjab State (India), from November 2020 to October 2021, were analysed for the presence of N. brasiliensis, a nematode parasite of zoonotic importance.
Overall, the small intestine of 43.00% of the rats was found severely infected with bright red coloured adult N. brasiliensis of both sexes (total of 1439 specimens). Faecal samples contained ellipsoidal and thin-shelled eggs measuring 62.25-74.70 m in length and 33.20-37.35 m in breadth. No significant (P > 0.05) effect of host age, sex, or season was observed on the rate of infection. The parasite intensity and mean abundance ranged from 27.68-38.04 and 10.52-18.26, respectively, indicating a high risk of disease transmission. Based on the morphology, the nematode parasite was identified as Nippostrongylus sp. Molecular identification was confirmed through PCR amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene, which showed a single band of approximately 355 bp. A comparison of the present isolate with the available sequences of Nippostrongylus species across the globe showed 100% nucleotide homology with N. brasiliensis sequences available in GenBank from Japan (AP017690), the USA (U57035), and New Zealand (NC033886).
The study indicates that B. bengalensis inhabiting commensal urban areas is a reservoir host for N. brasiliensis, which if transmitted to humans and animals visiting the area may pose a potential health risk. The study thus suggests proper rodent population management close to human habitations to avoid the transmission of disease-causing agents.
本研究旨在记录在野生啮齿动物种印度地鼠（Bandicota bengalensis）小肠中发现的巴西日圆线虫（Nippostrongylus brasiliensis）的流行情况、危险因素、分子鉴定及系统发育。
2020年11月至2021年10月期间，在印度旁遮普邦卢迪亚纳市的两个城市共生地点（各50只），即一个鱼市和一个火车站，共捕获100只印度地鼠，分析其体内具有人畜共患病重要性的线虫寄生虫巴西日圆线虫的存在情况。
总体而言，43.00%的地鼠小肠被严重感染，可见颜色鲜红的雌雄成虫巴西日圆线虫（共1439个样本）。粪便样本中含有椭圆形且薄壳的虫卵，长62.25 - 74.70微米，宽33.20 - 37.35微米。未观察到宿主年龄、性别或季节对感染率有显著（P＞0.05）影响。寄生虫强度和平均丰度分别为27.68 - 38.04和10.52 - 18.26，表明疾病传播风险高。基于形态学，该线虫寄生虫被鉴定为类巴西日圆线虫属（Nippostrongylus sp.）。通过线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I基因的PCR扩增确认了分子鉴定，显示出一条约355 bp的单带。将本分离株与全球巴西日圆线虫属的可用序列进行比较，结果显示与来自日本（AP017690）、美国（U57035）和新西兰（NC033886）的GenBank中巴西日圆线虫序列具有100%的核苷酸同源性。
该研究表明，栖息在城市共生区域的印度地鼠是巴西日圆线虫的储存宿主，若该线虫传播给进入该区域的人类和动物，可能会带来潜在健康风险。因此，该研究建议在人类居住区域附近进行适当的啮齿动物种群管理，以避免致病因子的传播。
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