Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 23;19(23):15505. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192315505.
There is growing recognition that greenspace provides invaluable benefits to health and wellbeing, and is essential infrastructure for promoting both social and environmental sustainability in urban settings. This paper contributes towards efforts to build 'just' and equitable urban sustainability, and more specifically greenspace management, by drawing attention to hostility and exclusion experienced by two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, genderqueer, pansexual, transsexual, intersex and gender-variant (2SLGBTQ+) park occupants. There is evidence that access to greenspace is inequitable-despite ongoing media accounts of targeted violence and discriminatory police patrolling of 2SLGBTQ+ communities in urban parks, this population has not received adequate research attention. This paper examines systemic barriers that impede urban greenspace access among 2SLGBTQ+ communities, including how the threat of violence in greenspace limits opportunities for accessing benefits associated with naturalized settings. These themes are explored within the context of the City of Toronto, Canada. Our mixed-method approach draws upon key informant interviews, key document content analysis, and ground-truthing. Our findings reveal how queer corporeality, kinship and love subvert deeply entrenched heteronormative social values and understandings of sexuality, partnership, gender, and use of public space, challenging institutional understandings of morality and daily life. The paper concludes by reflecting on the state of 2SLGBTQ+ communities' relationships to greenspace, and potential ways forward in building greater inclusivity into the social fabric of park design and management.
越来越多的人认识到，绿地为健康和福祉提供了无价的益处，是促进城市环境社会和环境可持续性的必要基础设施。本文通过关注双性恋、女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别、酷儿、性别酷儿、泛性恋、变性人、间性人和性别变异者（2SLGBTQ+）公园使用者所经历的敌意和排斥，为建设“公正”和公平的城市可持续性，特别是绿地管理做出了贡献。尽管有媒体不断报道针对 2SLGBTQ+社区的有针对性的暴力行为和歧视性的警察巡逻，但绿地的获取仍然存在不平等现象，但这一人群并没有得到足够的研究关注。本文研究了阻碍 2SLGBTQ+社区进入城市绿地的系统性障碍，包括绿地中的暴力威胁如何限制了与自然环境相关的利益的获取机会。这些主题是在加拿大多伦多市的背景下探讨的。我们的混合方法方法借鉴了关键知情人访谈、关键文件内容分析和实地考察。我们的研究结果揭示了酷儿肉体、亲情和爱情如何颠覆根深蒂固的异性恋规范的社会价值观和对性、伴侣关系、性别和公共空间使用的理解，挑战了对道德和日常生活的机构理解。本文最后反思了 2SLGBTQ+社区与绿地的关系的现状，以及在将更大的包容性纳入公园设计和管理的社会结构方面的潜在前进方向。
