Department of Sociology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 28;19(23):15803. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192315803.
This research analyzes the association between cumulative COVID-19 mortality and ethnic-racial composition, income inequality, and political party inclination across counties in the United States. The study extends prior research by taking a long view-examining cumulative mortality burdens over the first 900 days of the COVID-19 pandemic at five time points (via negative binomial models) and as trajectories of cumulative mortality trends (via growth curve models). The analysis shows that counties with a higher Republican vote share display a higher cumulative mortality, especially over longer periods of the pandemic. It also demonstrates that counties with a higher composition of ethnic-racial minorities, especially Blacks, bear a much higher cumulative mortality burden, and such an elevated burden would be even higher when a county has a higher level of income inequality. For counties with a higher proportion of Hispanic population, while the burden is lower than that for counties with a higher proportion of Blacks, the cumulative COVID-19 mortality burden still is elevated and compounded by income inequality, at any given time point during the pandemic.
本研究分析了美国各县累积 COVID-19 死亡率与族裔种族构成、收入不平等和政党倾向之间的关联。这项研究通过采用长期视角——通过负二项模型在五个时间点上（via negative binomial models）检查 COVID-19 大流行前 900 天的累积死亡率负担，并通过增长曲线模型（via growth curve models）作为累积死亡率趋势的轨迹，扩展了先前的研究。分析表明，共和党选票份额较高的县显示出更高的累积死亡率，尤其是在大流行的较长时期内。它还表明，族裔种族少数民族（尤其是黑人）构成较高的县承受着更高的累积死亡率负担，而当一个县的收入不平等程度较高时，这种负担会更高。对于西班牙裔人口比例较高的县，虽然负担低于黑人比例较高的县，但在大流行期间的任何给定时间点，COVID-19 的累积死亡率负担仍然很高，并因收入不平等而加剧。
