Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, 21 Alliance Lane, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 1;19(23):16112. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192316112.
Recommendations were analysed from coronial cases involving ageing heavy vehicle drivers (≥55 years) and mapped onto a Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) control structure to identify the controllers and control actions influential in the heavy vehicle industry with regard to health and safety. A National Coronial Information System (NCIS) database search revealed 38 coroners' recommendations arising from 14 unique cases of ageing driver involvement. There were no ageing themes identified in the analysis of coroners' findings and recommendations. An examination of the STAMP control structure identified that the highest concentration of recommendations was in the level of regulation, the second most senior level of control, although safety constraints were advised for all five levels of the system. In regard to identifying themes of control flaws in the recommendations, the study found that "unidentified hazards" were the most common type of safety failure in the analysis of cases of ageing drivers, concentrated at the regulatory level, which indicates that additional risk identification methods by upper levels of control are needed. Therefore, a recommendation arising from the current study is that additional controls in safety intervention are necessitated in the upper and middle levels of the road freight transportation system; in particular, formalising health and safety education for organisational managers, with a focus on identifying ageing issues, would fill a gap in the system for managing ageing heavy vehicle drivers. In conclusion, this study has found that improving the health and safety of ageing heavy vehicle drivers necessitates additional safety constraints with a focus on formalised safety education for organisational managers, in addition to a means to detect emerging and unforeseen hazards in the road freight transportation industry.
本研究分析了涉及老年重型车辆驾驶员（≥55 岁）的验尸案例中的建议，并将其映射到系统理论事故模型和过程（STAMP）的控制结构中，以确定与健康和安全相关的重型车辆行业中具有影响力的控制器和控制措施。国家验尸信息系统（NCIS）数据库搜索显示，14 起独特的老年驾驶员参与案例中产生了 38 项验尸官建议。在对验尸官调查结果和建议的分析中没有发现与老龄化相关的主题。对 STAMP 控制结构的检查表明，建议的最高浓度集中在监管级别，这是控制的第二高级别，尽管对系统的所有五个级别都提出了安全约束。关于确定建议中控制缺陷的主题，研究发现，“未识别的危险”是分析老年驾驶员案例中最常见的安全故障类型，集中在监管级别，这表明需要上层控制进行额外的风险识别方法。因此，当前研究提出的一个建议是，在道路货运系统的上层和中层增加安全干预的额外控制；特别是，为组织管理人员制定专门的健康和安全教育，重点是识别老龄化问题，将填补系统管理老龄化重型车辆驾驶员的空白。总之，本研究发现，为了提高老年重型车辆驾驶员的健康和安全，需要在上层和中层增加安全约束，重点是对组织管理人员进行正式的安全教育，此外还需要一种方法来检测道路货运行业中出现的和意外的危险。
