Random Red Ltd., 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Croatian Transmission System Operator Ltd., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Nov 29;22(23):9292. doi: 10.3390/s22239292.
Digital transformation of metrology is a holistic process that was started formally by the Joint Statement of Intent "On the digital transformation in the international scientific and quality infrastructure" signed by major metrology organisations in March 2022. With the digital transformation of metrology in motion, the questions of a seamless transition to digital representation while ensuring adherence to all the requirements of digital representation and maintaining a sustainable framework for future operations are just some of the challenges faced. To tackle these challenges, also within the concept of "more electrical world" (MEW), one technology is demonstrating high potential applicability as a possible candidate solution-blockchain technology, with its critical underlying properties (e.g., immutability, decentralisation, etc.) being fully compliant with the requirements of digital representation in metrology. Accordingly, this paper presents a blockchain-based concept for the digital transformation of the traceability pyramid for electrical energy measurement. The concept is developed in accordance with the goals of the Metroracle project. Based on the analyzed and presented state-of-the-art, the main contribution of the paper is the comprehensiveness of the concept, which encompasses the whole pyramid and describes all relevant processes and responsibilities of all stakeholders: measurement instrument (MI) owners, certificate issuers (National Accreditation Body (NAB), National laboratory (NL), Reference laboratory (RL)), MI manufacturers/developers, MI installers. The transformed pyramid is defined by Croatian metrology laws and regulations, but with smaller adjustments, it is applicable to other EU countries as well, and also to the traceability of other physical quantities, i.e., not to electrical energy only. Possible legal and technical issues are identified (amount of data, machine-readable standards and regulations, ensuring limited access, legal relevance of digital signature) and corresponding solutions presented, as well as further steps in our research and development within the Metroracle project.
计量学的数字化转型是一个整体过程，该过程于 2022 年 3 月由各大计量组织签署的《关于国际科学和质量基础设施数字化转型的意向书联合声明》正式启动。随着计量学数字化转型的推进，无缝过渡到数字表示的问题，同时确保符合数字表示的所有要求并为未来的运营维护可持续的框架，只是面临的一些挑战。为了应对这些挑战，在“更多电气世界”（MEW）的概念中，有一种技术具有很高的潜在适用性，作为可能的候选解决方案——区块链技术，其关键的基本属性（例如，不可变、去中心化等）完全符合计量学数字表示的要求。因此，本文提出了一种基于区块链的电能计量可追溯性金字塔数字化转型概念。该概念是根据 Metroracle 项目的目标开发的。基于分析和呈现的最新技术，本文的主要贡献在于概念的全面性，它涵盖了整个金字塔，并描述了所有相关过程和所有利益相关者的责任：计量仪器（MI）所有者、证书颁发者（国家认可机构（NAB）、国家实验室（NL）、参考实验室（RL））、MI 制造商/开发人员、MI 安装人员。转型后的金字塔由克罗地亚计量法规定义，但只需进行较小的调整，即可适用于其他欧盟国家，也适用于其他物理量的可追溯性，即不仅限于电能。确定了可能存在的法律和技术问题（数据量、机器可读标准和法规、确保有限访问、数字签名的法律相关性）并提出了相应的解决方案，以及在 Metroracle 项目中我们的研究和开发的进一步步骤。
