Department of Nutritional Sciences, https://ror.org/00te3t702University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Feb 1;324(2):R171-R182. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00052.2022. Epub 2022 Dec 12.
A high-fat (HF) diet causes fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia, and cottonseed oil (CSO) has been shown to improve liver and plasma lipids in human and mouse models. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CSO vs. olive oil (OO)-enriched diets on lipid levels in a HF-diet model of fatty liver disease. We placed mice on a HF diet to induce obesity and fatty liver, after which mice were placed on CSO or OO diets, with chow and HF (5.1 kcal/g) groups as control. When CSO- and OO-fed mice were given isocaloric diets with the HF group, there were no differences in body weight, plasma, or hepatic lipids. However, when the CSO and OO diets were reduced in calories (4.0 kcal/g), CSO and OO groups reduced body weight. The CSO group had lower plasma total cholesterol (-56 ± 6%, < 0.01), free cholesterol (-53 ± 7%, < 0.01), triglycerides (-61 ± 14%, < 0.01), and LDL (-42 ± 16%, = 0.01) vs. HF group whereas the OO diet lowered LDL (-18 ± 12%, = 0.05) vs. HF. Furthermore, the CSO diet decreased hepatic total cholesterol (-40 ± 12%, < 0.01), free cholesterol (-23 ± 11%, = 0.04), and triglycerides (-47 ± 12%, = 0.02). There were no significant changes in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation among the groups. However, the CSO group increased lipid oxidative gene expression in liver and dihydrosterculic acid increased PPARα target genes with in vitro models. Taken together, consuming a reduced calorie diet enriched in CSO reduces liver and plasma lipid profiles in an obese model of fatty liver.
高脂肪（HF）饮食可导致脂肪肝、高血脂和高胆固醇血症，并且已证明棉籽油（CSO）可改善人类和小鼠模型中的肝脏和血浆脂质。本研究的目的是确定 CSO 与橄榄油（OO）丰富的饮食对脂肪肝疾病的 HF 饮食模型中的脂质水平的影响。我们使小鼠进食 HF 饮食以诱导肥胖和脂肪肝，之后使小鼠进食 CSO 或 OO 饮食，以普通饲料和 HF（5.1kcal/g）组作为对照。当给予 CSO 和 OO 喂养的小鼠与 HF 组等热量的饮食时，体重、血浆或肝脂质均无差异。但是，当 CSO 和 OO 饮食减少热量（4.0kcal/g）时，CSO 和 OO 组的体重降低。CSO 组的血浆总胆固醇（-56±6%， < 0.01）、游离胆固醇（-53±7%， < 0.01）、甘油三酯（-61±14%， < 0.01）和 LDL（-42±16%， = 0.01）均低于 HF 组，而 OO 饮食降低 LDL（-18±12%， = 0.05）。此外，CSO 饮食降低肝总胆固醇（-40±12%， < 0.01）、游离胆固醇（-23±11%， = 0.04）和甘油三酯（-47±12%， = 0.02）。各组的脂肪生成和脂肪酸氧化均无明显变化。然而，CSO 组增加了肝中脂质氧化基因的表达，二氢甾醇酸增加了体外模型中的 PPARα 靶基因。综上所述，摄入富含 CSO 的低热量饮食可降低肥胖型脂肪肝模型中的肝和血浆脂质谱。
