Alarcón Mauricio E, Polo Priscila G, Akyüz Sevim Nur, Rafiqi Ab Matteen
Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Front Physiol. 2022 Nov 25;13:1034066. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1034066. eCollection 2022.
The ontogenetic origins of the bacteriocytes, which are cells that harbour bacterial intracellular endosymbionts in multicellular animals, are unknown. During embryonic development, a series of morphological and transcriptional changes determine the fate of distinct cell types. The ontogeny of bacteriocytes is intimately linked with the evolutionary transition of endosymbionts from an extracellular to an intracellular environment, which in turn is linked to the diet of the host insect. Here we review the evolution and development of bacteriocytes in insects. We first classify the endosymbiotic occupants of bacteriocytes, highlighting the complex challenges they pose to the host. Then, we recall the historical account of the discovery of bacteriocytes. We then summarize the molecular interactions between the endosymbiont and the host. In addition, we illustrate the genetic contexts in which the bacteriocytes develop, with examples of the genetic changes in the hosts and endosymbionts, during specific endosymbiotic associations. We finally address the evolutionary origin as well as the putative ontogenetic or developmental source of bacteriocytes in insects.
在多细胞动物中，含有细菌细胞内共生体的细胞即菌细胞，其个体发生起源尚不清楚。在胚胎发育过程中，一系列形态和转录变化决定了不同细胞类型的命运。菌细胞的个体发生与共生体从细胞外环境到细胞内环境的进化转变密切相关，而这又与宿主昆虫的饮食相关。在此，我们综述昆虫中菌细胞的进化与发育。我们首先对菌细胞内的共生占据者进行分类，强调它们给宿主带来的复杂挑战。然后，我们回顾菌细胞发现的历史记载。接着，我们总结共生体与宿主之间的分子相互作用。此外，我们通过宿主和共生体在特定共生关联过程中的基因变化实例，阐述菌细胞发育的基因背景。我们最后探讨昆虫中菌细胞的进化起源以及假定的个体发生或发育来源。
