童年时期遭受严重身体虐待对青少年难民在新冠疫情期间的情绪困扰和融入的影响。
The impact of experiencing severe physical abuse in childhood on adolescent refugees' emotional distress and integration during the COVID-19 pandemic.
作者信息
Potter Flurina, Dohrmann Katalin, Rockstroh Brigitte, Schauer Maggie, Crombach Anselm
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2022 Nov 24;13:1023252. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1023252. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence highlights the importance of pre- and post- migration stressors on refugees' mental health and integration. In addition to migration-associated stressors, experiences earlier in life such as physical abuse in childhood as well as current life stress as produced by the COVID-19-pandemic may impair mental health and successful integration - yet evidence on these further risks is still limited. The present study explicitly focused on the impact of severe physical abuse in childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated the impact of these additional stressors on emotional distress and integration of refugees in Germany.
METHODS
The sample included 80 refugees, 88.8% male, mean age 19.7 years. In a semi-structured interview, trained psychologists screened for emotional distress, using the Refugee Health Screener, and integration status, using the Integration Index. The experience of severe physical abuse in childhood was quantified as a yes/no response to the question: "Have you been hit so badly before the age of 15 that you had to go to hospital or needed medical attention?" Multiple hierarchical regression analyses further included gender, age, residence status, months since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and length of stay in Germany to predict emotional distress and integration.
RESULTS
Two regression analyses determined significant predictors of (1) emotional distress (adjusted = 0.23): duration of being in the pandemic ( = 0.38, < 0.001) and severe physical abuse in childhood ( = 0.31, = 0.005), and significant predictors of (2) integration (adjusted = 0.53): length of stay in Germany ( = 0.62, < 0.001), severe physical abuse in childhood ( = 0.21, = 0.019) and emotional distress ( = -0.28, = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
In addition to migration-associated stressors, severe physical abuse in childhood constitutes a pre-migration risk, which crucially affects the well-being, emotional distress and integration of refugees in Germany.
背景
越来越多的证据凸显了移民前后的压力源对难民心理健康和融入的重要性。除了与移民相关的压力源外，早年的经历，如童年时期的身体虐待，以及当前由新冠疫情引发的生活压力，可能会损害心理健康和成功融入——然而，关于这些进一步风险的证据仍然有限。本研究明确聚焦于新冠疫情期间童年时期严重身体虐待的影响，并评估这些额外压力源对德国难民情绪困扰和融入的影响。
方法
样本包括80名难民，男性占88.8%，平均年龄19.7岁。在一次半结构化访谈中，训练有素的心理学家使用难民健康筛查工具筛查情绪困扰，并使用融入指数评估融入状况。童年时期严重身体虐待的经历通过对以下问题的“是/否”回答进行量化：“你在15岁之前是否曾遭受过严重殴打以至于必须去医院或需要医疗护理？”多重分层回归分析进一步纳入了性别、年龄、居住身份、自新冠疫情开始以来的月数以及在德国的停留时间，以预测情绪困扰和融入情况。
结果
两项回归分析确定了（1）情绪困扰的显著预测因素（调整后 = 0.23）：处于疫情中的时长（ = 0.38， < 0.001）和童年时期的严重身体虐待（ = 0.31， = 0.005），以及（2）融入的显著预测因素（调整后 = 0.53）：在德国的停留时间（ = 0.62， < 0.001）、童年时期的严重身体虐待（ = 0.21， = 0.019）和情绪困扰（ = -0.28， = 0.002）。
结论
除了与移民相关的压力源外，童年时期的严重身体虐待构成了一种移民前风险，这对德国难民的幸福感、情绪困扰和融入产生了至关重要的影响。
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