地下滴灌施肥可提高籽棉产量和货币回报。

Sub-surface drip fertigation improves seed cotton yield and monetary returns.

作者信息

Singh Kulvir, Singh Prabhsimran, Singh Manpreet, Mishra Sudhir Kumar, Iqbal Rashid, Al-Ashkar Ibrahim, Habib-Ur-Rahman Muhammad, El Sabagh Ayman

机构信息

Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Abohar, Punjab, India.

出版信息

Front Plant Sci. 2022 Nov 24;13:1038163. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1038163. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.3389/fpls.2022.1038163

PMID:36507410

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9731281/

Abstract

Surface flood (SF) method is used to irrigate cotton in India, which results in huge wastage of water besides leaching of nutrients. This necessitates the adoption of efficient management strategies to save scarce water without compromising the yield. Therefore, a 2-year field investigation was conducted under two climatic regimes (Faridkot and Abohar) to study the effect of sub-surface drip fertigation (SSDF) on seed cotton yield (SCY), water productivity, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and economic parameters in comparison with SF and surface drip fertigation (SDF). The field experiment had a total of eight treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design. Three levels of sub-surface drip irrigation [(SSDI); , 60%, 80%, and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and two N fertigation levels [100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN; , 112.5 kg N ha) and 75% RDN] made up six treatments, while SF (Control 1) and SDF at 80% ETc (Control 2), both with 100% of RDN, served as the controls. Among irrigation regimes, the SSDI levels of 80% ETc and 100% ETc recorded 18.7% (3,240 kg ha) and 21.1% (3,305 kg ha) higher SCY compared with SF (2,728 kg ha). Water use efficiency under SF (57.0%) was reduced by 34.2%, 40.8%, and 38.2% compared with SSDI's 60 (76.5%), 80 (80.3%), and 100% ETc (78.8%), respectively. Among fertigation levels, NUE was higher by 19.2% under 75% (34.1 kg SCY kg N) over 100% RDN (28.6 kg SCY kg N), but later it also registered 11.9% higher SCY, indicating such to be optimum for better productivity. SSDF at 80% ETc along with 112.5 kg N ha recorded 26.6% better SCY (3455 kg ha) and 18.5% higher NUE (30.7 kg SCY kg N) over SF. These findings demonstrate that the application of SSDF could save irrigation water, enhance SCY, and improve the farmers' returns compared with SF. Therefore, in northwestern India, SSDF at 80% ETc along with 112.5 kg N ha could be a novel water-savvy concept which would be immensely helpful in enhancing cotton productivity.

摘要

在印度，地面灌溉（SF）法被用于棉花灌溉，这除了造成养分淋失外，还导致大量水资源浪费。因此，有必要采用高效管理策略来节约稀缺水资源，同时又不影响产量。为此，在两种气候条件下（法里德科特和阿伯哈尔）进行了为期两年的田间调查，以研究与地面灌溉（SF）和地面滴灌施肥（SDF）相比，地下滴灌施肥（SSDF）对籽棉产量（SCY）、水分生产率、氮素利用效率（NUE）和经济参数的影响。田间试验共有8种处理，采用随机完全区组设计。地下滴灌的三个水平[（SSDI）；作物蒸散量（ETc）的60%、80%和100%]和两个氮肥滴施水平[100%推荐施氮量（RDN；112.5千克氮/公顷）和75%RDN]构成了6种处理，而SF（对照1）和80%ETc的SDF（对照2），均采用100%RDN，作为对照。在灌溉方式中，80%ETc和100%ETc的SSDI水平的籽棉产量分别比SF（2728千克/公顷）高18.7%（3240千克/公顷）和21.1%（3305千克/公顷）。与SSDI的60%（76.5%）、80%（80.3%）和100%ETc（78.8%）相比，SF的水分利用效率（57.0%）分别降低了34.2%、40.8%和38.2%。在施肥水平中，75%RDN（34.1千克籽棉/千克氮）下的氮素利用效率比100%RDN（28.6千克籽棉/千克氮）高19.2%，但随后其籽棉产量也高11.9%，表明这是实现更高生产力的最佳水平。80%ETc的SSDF与112.5千克氮/公顷相结合，籽棉产量比SF高26.6%（3455千克/公顷），氮素利用效率高18.5%（30.7千克籽棉/千克氮）。这些结果表明，与SF相比，应用SSDF可以节约灌溉用水，提高籽棉产量，并增加农民收益。因此，在印度西北部，80%ETc的SSDF与112.5千克氮/公顷相结合可能是一种新的节水理念，这将对提高棉花生产力非常有帮助。