Posgrado en Fitosanidad, Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo, 56264 Texcoco, Estado de México, México.
INIFAP, Campo Experimental Tecomán, Carretera Colima-Manzanillo Km. 35, CP 28100 Tecomán, Colima, México.
J Insect Sci. 2022 Nov 1;22(6). doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac071.
Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a key pest of cultivated peppers (Capsicum species) in tropical and subtropical America. Here we evaluated the effect of five pepper varieties on the susceptibility of A. eugenii to the parasitoids Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Eupelmus cushmani (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), and Jaliscoa hunteri Crawford (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Potential parasitism was estimated by comparative analysis of parasitoid ovipositor size and the depth to which host larvae develop inside the fruit. Highest potential parasitism rates were achieved by Bracon sp. and E. cushmani on árbol and habanero peppers (84-99%) while the lowest rates were achieved by J. hunteri on serrano, bell, and jalapeño (7-18%). To validate potential parasitism rates, the actual parasitism rate by Bracon sp. and J. hunteri on three varieties of peppers was assessed. Actual parasitism rates of A. eugenii larvae in árbol were similar for Bracon sp. and J. hunteri (33%), while on bell and jalapeño Bracon sp. achieved 24% and 13% parasitism and J. hunteri achieved 14% and 8%, respectively. In most cases, actual parasitism was lower than estimated potential parasitism, although the latter had a notable predictive power (predicted R2 = 0.84). Results showed that the host was more vulnerable on small-fruited varieties because larvae were closer to the pericarp and could be reached by parasitoid ovipositors; likewise, in varieties with little placenta and seed, some larvae fed in the pericarp, where they were more vulnerable.
Eugenius 香蕉象（鞘翅目：象甲科）是美洲热带和亚热带地区栽培辣椒（辣椒属）的关键害虫。在这里，我们评估了五种辣椒品种对香蕉象易感性的影响，这些品种包括香蕉象对 Bracon sp.（膜翅目：Braconidae）、Eupelmus cushmani（Crawford）（膜翅目：Eupelmidae）和 Jaliscoa hunteri Crawford（膜翅目：Pteromalidae）三种寄生蜂的敏感性。通过比较寄生蜂产卵器的大小和宿主幼虫在果实内发育的深度来估计潜在的寄生率。Bracon sp. 和 E. cushmani 在 árbol 和 habanero 辣椒上实现了最高的潜在寄生率（84-99%），而 J. hunteri 在 serrano、bell 和 jalapeño 辣椒上实现了最低的寄生率（7-18%）。为了验证潜在寄生率，评估了 Bracon sp. 和 J. hunteri 在三种辣椒品种上的实际寄生率。在 árbol 辣椒上，Bracon sp. 和 J. hunteri 对香蕉象幼虫的实际寄生率相似（33%），而在 bell 和 jalapeño 辣椒上，Bracon sp. 实现了 24%和 13%的寄生率，J. hunteri 实现了 14%和 8%的寄生率。在大多数情况下，实际寄生率低于估计的潜在寄生率，尽管后者具有显著的预测能力（预测 R2 = 0.84）。结果表明，在小果品种上，寄主更容易受到攻击，因为幼虫更接近果皮，并且可以被寄生蜂的产卵器触及；同样，在胎盘和种子较少的品种中，一些幼虫在果皮中进食，在那里它们更容易受到攻击。
