Yang Yiwen, Yu Qiuran, Zhang Cong, Wang Xiaodan, He Long, Huang Yuxing, Li Erchao, Qin Jianguang, Chen Liqiao
Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Jan 1;249:114399. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114399. Epub 2022 Dec 9.
The similar nervous system structure between crustaceans and insects and the high-water solubility of thiamethoxam can lead to the more severe toxicity of thiamethoxam to crustaceans. However, the effects of thiamethoxam on crustaceans are unclear. Therefore, a 96-h acute toxicity test was performed to explore the hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity effects of thiamethoxam on Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) at concentrations 0 µg/L, 150 µg/L and 300 µg/L. The antioxidant and detoxification systems (including phases I and II) were significantly activated after exposure of juvenile crabs to thiamethoxam for 24 h in 300 µg/L group, whereas the toxic activation effect in 150 μg/L group was delayed. Moreover, a similar pattern was observed for the transcription levels of immune-related genes. Further analysis of inflammatory signaling pathway-related genes showed that thiamethoxam exposure with 300 µg/L for 24 h may induce a pro-inflammatory response through the NF-κB pathway. In contrast, the gene expression levels in 150 µg/L group were significantly upregulated compared with 0 µg/L group after 96 h. In addition, although the acute exposure of 150 μg/L thiamethoxam did not seem to induce significant neurotoxicity, the acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly decreased in 300 μg/L group after thiamethoxam exposure for 96 h. Correspondingly, thiamethoxam exposure with 300 µg/L for 24 h resulted in significantly downregulated transcriptional levels of synaptic transmission-related genes (e.g. dopamine-, gamma-aminobutyric acid- and serotonin-related receptors). Therefore, thiamethoxam may be harmful and cause potential toxic threats such as neurotoxicity and metabolic damage to crustaceans.
甲壳类动物和昆虫之间相似的神经系统结构以及噻虫嗪的高水溶性，可能导致噻虫嗪对甲壳类动物的毒性更强。然而，噻虫嗪对甲壳类动物的影响尚不清楚。因此，进行了一项96小时急性毒性试验，以探究浓度为0微克/升、150微克/升和300微克/升的噻虫嗪对中华绒螯蟹的肝毒性和神经毒性作用。在300微克/升组中，幼蟹暴露于噻虫嗪24小时后，抗氧化和解毒系统（包括I相和II相）被显著激活，而150微克/升组的毒性激活作用则有所延迟。此外，免疫相关基因的转录水平也呈现出类似的模式。对炎症信号通路相关基因的进一步分析表明，暴露于300微克/升噻虫嗪24小时可能通过NF-κB途径诱导促炎反应。相比之下，96小时后，150微克/升组的基因表达水平与0微克/升组相比显著上调。此外，虽然150微克/升噻虫嗪的急性暴露似乎并未诱导明显的神经毒性，但在噻虫嗪暴露96小时后，300微克/升组的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性显著降低。相应地，暴露于300微克/升噻虫嗪24小时导致突触传递相关基因（如多巴胺、γ-氨基丁酸和5-羟色胺相关受体）的转录水平显著下调。因此，噻虫嗪可能对甲壳类动物有害，并造成潜在的毒性威胁，如神经毒性和代谢损伤。
