Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK.
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2023 Feb;71:102323. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102323. Epub 2022 Dec 9.
There is a growing recognition of the challenges associated with ensuring good nutrition for all without compromising the environment. This is particularly true for aquaculture, given the reliance on marine extraction for key feed ingredients, yet at the same time it delivers key nutrients such as omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. This review will consider progress in transitioning away from oceanic-derived fish oils as feed ingredients, focusing on the emerging transgenic plant sources of these fatty acids. Specific consideration is given to the "validation" phase of this process, in which oils from GM plants are used as substitutes for bona fide fish oils in aquafeed diets. Equally, consideration is given to the demonstration of "real-world" potential by GM field trials. Collectively, the status of these new plant-based sources of omega-3 fish oils confirm the arrival of a new wave of plant biotech products, 25 years after the introduction of herbicide-tolerant input traits and demonstrate the power of GM agriculture to contribute to food security and operating within planetary boundaries.
人们越来越认识到，在不损害环境的情况下为所有人确保良好营养所面临的挑战。对于水产养殖来说，这一点尤其如此，因为水产养殖依赖海洋提取来获取关键的饲料成分，但同时它又提供了关键的营养物质，如欧米伽-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸。本综述将考虑从海洋衍生的鱼油作为饲料成分的转变进展，重点关注这些脂肪酸的新兴转基因植物来源。特别考虑了这一过程的“验证”阶段，在此阶段，来自转基因植物的油被用作水产饲料中真正的鱼油的替代品。同样，也考虑了通过转基因田间试验展示“现实世界”潜力的问题。总的来说，这些新型植物源欧米伽-3 鱼油的现状证实了 25 年前引入耐除草剂投入性状之后，又一波植物生物技术产品的到来，并展示了转基因农业在保障粮食安全和在地球界限内运作方面的力量。
