University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2023 Jun;30(3):1081-1092. doi: 10.3758/s13423-022-02223-9. Epub 2022 Dec 12.
A key issue in language processing is how we recognize and understand words in sentences. Research on sentence reading indicates that the time we need to read a word depends on how (un)expected it is. Research on single word recognition shows that each word also has its own recognition dynamics based on the relation between its orthographic form and its meaning. It is not clear, however, how these sentence-level and word-level dynamics interact. In the present study, we examine the joint impact of these sources of information during sentence reading. We analyze existing eye-tracking and self-paced reading data (Frank et al., 2013, Behavior Research Methods, 45[4], 1182-1190) to investigate the interplay of sentence-level prediction (operationalized as Surprisal) and word Orthography-Semantics Consistency in activating word meaning in sentence processing. Results indicate that both Surprisal and Orthography-Semantics Consistency exert an influence on several reading measures. The shape of the observed interaction differs, but the results give compelling indication for a general trade-off between expectations based on sentence context and cues to meaning from word orthography.
语言处理中的一个关键问题是我们如何识别和理解句子中的单词。对句子阅读的研究表明，我们阅读一个单词所需的时间取决于该单词的预期程度。对单个单词识别的研究表明，每个单词的识别动态也基于其正字法形式与其含义之间的关系。然而，目前尚不清楚这些句子级和单词级动态如何相互作用。在本研究中，我们研究了这些信息源在句子阅读过程中的共同影响。我们分析了现有的眼动追踪和自定步速阅读数据（Frank 等人，2013 年，行为研究方法，45[4]，1182-1190），以调查句子处理中句子级预测（操作化为意外）和单词正字法-语义一致性在激活单词意义方面的相互作用。结果表明，意外和正字法-语义一致性都对几个阅读指标产生了影响。观察到的相互作用的形状不同，但结果令人信服地表明，基于句子上下文的预期和来自单词正字法的意义线索之间存在一般的权衡。
