Wang Xinqi, Wang Xiaoli, Qi Jing, Gong Shuhan, Wang Chong, Li Li, Fan Lin, Liu Hang, Cao Yun, Liu Mengmeng, Han Xu, Su Liqin, Yao Xiaoyuan, Tysklind Mats, Wang Xianliang
China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Mar 1;862:160760. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160760. Epub 2022 Dec 10.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are typical residential pollutants mainly from biofuel combustion that impose inevitable risk to children. The PAHs in residential dust is universal in most Chinese households with an obvious public health concern.
In this observational study, a total of 235 residential dust samples from 8 Chinese cities (Panjin, Shijiazhuang, Lanzhou, Luoyang, Xi'an, Wuxi, Mianyang, and Shenzhen) were collected from April 2018 to March 2019, which were extracted and analyzed for 16 priority PAHs by HPLC/FD-UV. Diagnostic ratios, hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis were applied simultaneously for source apportionments. Incremental lifetime cancer risk was employed to estimate children's health risks based on the assumed exposure scenarios. Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Partial Least Squares were used to screen the factors affecting the concentration of PAHs in residential dust.
The median concentration of ∑PAHs in residential dust from 8 cities was 44.11 μg/g (0.04 - 355.79 μg/g). ∑PAHs were found both higher in dust samples in heating season and from downwind households only in Mianyang (p < 0.05). The leading two sources of PAHs were combustion processes and automobile exhaust emissions based on four principal components that accounted for 74.29 % of the total variance. Indoor air environmental factors, household characteristics, and residents' behavioral lifestyles may be the influencing factors of residential dust PAHs. The carcinogenic risk of children aged 0 - 5 years, under the moderate exposure level of PAHs in residential dust, exceeded the acceptable level (10 - 10 for dermal contact and 10 - 10 for ingestion).
There was serious PAHs pollution in residential dust under actual living conditions in eight cities across China. More evidence-based measures were needed to control PAHs pollution to safeguard children's health according to appointed sources and influencing factors in residential dust.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是典型的住宅污染物，主要来自生物燃料燃烧，对儿童构成不可避免的风险。住宅灰尘中的多环芳烃在大多数中国家庭中普遍存在，具有明显的公共卫生问题。
在这项观察性研究中，于2018年4月至2019年3月期间从中国8个城市（盘锦、石家庄、兰州、洛阳、西安、无锡、绵阳和深圳）收集了总共235个住宅灰尘样本，通过高效液相色谱/荧光 - 紫外检测法（HPLC/FD - UV）对其进行提取并分析16种优先多环芳烃。同时应用诊断比值、层次聚类分析和主成分分析进行源解析。基于假定的暴露情景，采用增量终生癌症风险来估计儿童的健康风险。使用斯皮尔曼相关性分析、曼 - 惠特尼U检验、克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯H检验和偏最小二乘法来筛选影响住宅灰尘中多环芳烃浓度的因素。
8个城市住宅灰尘中∑PAHs的中位浓度为44.11μg/g（0.04 - 355.79μg/g）。仅在绵阳，取暖季节的灰尘样本以及下风向家庭的灰尘样本中∑PAHs含量更高（p < 0.05）。基于占总方差74.29%的四个主成分，多环芳烃的前两大来源是燃烧过程和汽车尾气排放。室内空气环境因素、家庭特征以及居民的行为生活方式可能是住宅灰尘中多环芳烃的影响因素。在住宅灰尘中多环芳烃的中等暴露水平下，0至5岁儿童的致癌风险超过了可接受水平（经皮肤接触为10 - 6，经口摄入为10 - 6）。
中国八个城市实际生活条件下住宅灰尘中存在严重的多环芳烃污染。需要根据住宅灰尘中的指定来源和影响因素采取更多基于证据的措施来控制多环芳烃污染，以保障儿童健康。
