China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 May 15;925:171669. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171669. Epub 2024 Mar 16.
Health hazards caused by metal exposure in household dust are concerning environmental health problems. Exposure to toxic metals in household dust imposes unclear but solid health risks, especially for children. In this multicenter cross-sectional study, a total of 250 household dust samples were collected from ten stratified cities in China (Panjin, Shijiazhuang, Qingdao, Lanzhou, Luoyang, Ningbo, Xi'an, Wuxi, Mianyang, Shenzhen) between April 2018 and March 2019. Questionnaire was conducted to gather information on individuals' living environment and health status in real-life situations. Multivariate logistic regression and principal component analysis were conducted to identify risk factors and determine the sources of metals in household dust. The median concentration of five metals in household dust from 10 cities ranged from 0.03 to 73.18 μg/g. Among the five heavy metals, only chromium in household dust of Mianyang was observed significantly both higher in the cold season and from the downwind households. Mercury, cadmium, and chromium were higher in the third-tier cities, with levels of 0.08, 0.30 and 97.28 μg/g, respectively. There were two sources with a contribution rate of 38.3 % and 25.8 %, respectively. Potential risk factors for increased metal concentration include long residence time, close to the motorway, decoration within five years, and purchase of new furniture within one year. Under both moderate and high exposure scenarios, chromium showed the highest level of exposure with 6.77 × 10 and 2.28 × 10 mg·kg·d, and arsenic imposed the highest lifetime carcinogenic risk at 1.67 × 10 and 3.17 × 10, respectively. The finding highlighted the priority to minimize childhood exposure of arsenic from household dust.
家庭灰尘中金属暴露对健康的危害是一个令人关注的环境健康问题。家庭灰尘中有毒金属的暴露会带来不明但确凿的健康风险，尤其是对儿童而言。在这项多中心横断面研究中，我们于 2018 年 4 月至 2019 年 3 月间在全国 10 个分层城市（盘锦、石家庄、青岛、兰州、洛阳、宁波、西安、无锡、绵阳、深圳）共采集了 250 份家庭灰尘样本。我们通过问卷调查收集了个人在现实生活环境中的生活环境和健康状况信息。我们采用多元逻辑回归和主成分分析来识别风险因素，并确定家庭灰尘中金属的来源。10 个城市家庭灰尘中 5 种金属的中位数浓度范围为 0.03-73.18μg/g。在这 5 种重金属中，只有绵阳家庭灰尘中的铬在冬季和下风家庭中含量均显著较高。汞、镉和铬在三线城市的浓度较高，分别为 0.08、0.30 和 97.28μg/g。有两个来源，贡献率分别为 38.3%和 25.8%。金属浓度增加的潜在风险因素包括居住时间长、靠近高速公路、五年内装修以及一年内购买新家具。在中度和高度暴露的情况下，铬的暴露水平最高，分别为 6.77×10和 2.28×10mg·kg·d，砷的终生致癌风险最高，分别为 1.67×10和 3.17×10。该研究结果突出了优先考虑最大限度地减少儿童从家庭灰尘中接触砷的必要性。
