Kim Sung Shin, Kim Yun Jin, Park Jun Sik, Ho Seoung Hee, Kweon Hyosun, Bae Young-Hyeon
Department of Clinical Rehabilitation Research, Rehabilitation Research Institute, Korea National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Healthcare and Public Health, Rehabilitation Research Institute, Korea National Rehabilitation Center, 58, Samgaksan-ro, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
BMC Nurs. 2022 Dec 13;21(1):356. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-01120-9.
Since the quality of work life of healthcare workers is affected by various factors, an improvement in their work environment can reduce the burden on them, increasing their performance. This study aimed to identify the current problems in working environments for registered nurses (RNs), nurse aides (NAs), and caregivers using the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), presenting measures to improve working conditions by analyzing their predictors: 1) degree of exposure to work-related risk factors (musculoskeletal and mental), 2) working patterns, 3) work-family balance, 4) work situations, and 5) self-rated health.
The sampling frame was a list of apartment and general survey zones, excluding islands, dormitories, special social facilities, tourist hotels, and foreigner zones, among the total survey zones of the 2010 Population and Housing Census. The KWCS was given to 50,205 participants of various occupations, and responses from 494 RNs, 201 NAs, and 505 caregivers were extracted to compare their 1) degree of exposure to work-related risk factors (musculoskeletal and mental), 2) working pattern, 3) work-family balance, 4) work situations, and 5) self-rated health.
The response rate was 0.449. There were significant differences in all the variables (exposure to musculoskeletal and mental work-related risk factors, working pattern, work-family balance, work situations, self-rated health, and satisfaction with working conditions) among RNs, NAs, and caregivers (p < 0.001). The degree of work-related musculoskeletal and mental risk exposure was higher among caregivers and RNs than among NAs; irregular working patterns, challenges with work-family balance, and work environment satisfaction were higher among caregivers than among NAs. In addition, work situations were poorer among caregivers and NAs than among RNs. Self-rated health was the highest among caregivers, followed by RNs and NAs. The most potent predictor of self-rated health was occupation, followed by work environment satisfaction and work-family balance; the most potent predictor of work environment satisfaction was self-rated health, followed by degree of exposure to work-related musculoskeletal and mental risk factors, occupation, work-family balance, work situation, and working patterns.
This study confirmed that a variety of factors influence work environment satisfaction. Thus, practical and realistic measures to improve work environments tailored to each healthcare occupation should be developed at the national and community levels. Further qualitative studies are needed to analyze the work environments of nurses and other care workers in depth.
由于医护人员的工作生活质量受到多种因素影响，改善其工作环境可减轻他们的负担，提高其工作表现。本研究旨在利用第五次韩国工作条件调查（KWCS）确定注册护士（RN）、护理助理（NA）和护理员工作环境中当前存在的问题，并通过分析其预测因素提出改善工作条件的措施：1）与工作相关的风险因素（肌肉骨骼和心理方面）的暴露程度；2）工作模式；3）工作与家庭的平衡；4）工作状况；5）自我评估的健康状况。
抽样框架为2010年人口和住房普查总调查区域中公寓和一般调查区域的列表，不包括岛屿、宿舍、特殊社会设施、旅游酒店和外国人区域。KWCS面向50205名不同职业的参与者发放，提取了494名注册护士、201名护理助理和505名护理员的回复，以比较他们的：1）与工作相关的风险因素（肌肉骨骼和心理方面）的暴露程度；2）工作模式；3）工作与家庭的平衡；4）工作状况；5）自我评估的健康状况。
回复率为0.449。注册护士、护理助理和护理员在所有变量（肌肉骨骼和心理方面与工作相关的风险因素暴露程度、工作模式、工作与家庭的平衡、工作状况、自我评估的健康状况以及对工作条件的满意度）上存在显著差异（p < 0.001）。护理员和注册护士与工作相关的肌肉骨骼和心理风险暴露程度高于护理助理；护理员的非正规工作模式、工作与家庭平衡方面的挑战以及工作环境满意度高于护理助理。此外，护理员和护理助理的工作状况比注册护士差。护理员的自我评估健康状况最高，其次是注册护士和护理助理。自我评估健康状况的最有力预测因素是职业，其次是工作环境满意度和工作与家庭的平衡；工作环境满意度的最有力预测因素是自我评估健康状况，其次是与工作相关的肌肉骨骼和心理风险因素暴露程度、职业、工作与家庭的平衡、工作状况和工作模式。
本研究证实多种因素影响工作环境满意度。因此，应在国家和社区层面制定针对每个医护职业的切实可行且现实的改善工作环境措施。需要进一步开展定性研究以深入分析护士和其他护理人员的工作环境。
