Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milano 20127, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience, Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132, Italy.
Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milano 20127, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience, Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132, Italy.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2023 Jan-Feb;80:17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.12.002. Epub 2022 Dec 7.
The COVID-19 pandemic is still spreading worldwide two years after its outbreak. Depression has been reported in around 30% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. We aim to synthesize the available meta-analytical evidence in an umbrella review exploring the prevalence of depression during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
First, we performed a narrative umbrella review including only meta-analyses providing a quantitative summary of the prevalence of depression during or after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Then we extracted the prevalence and sample size from the original studies included in each meta-analysis, and after removing duplicate studies, we performed a random-effects model meta-analysis based on single original study estimates. Heterogeneity, publication bias, leave-one-out sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed.
14 meta-analyses were included in the umbrella review. The prevalence of depression ranged from 12% to 55% in the presence of high heterogeneity. The meta-analysis based on 85 original studies derived from the included 14 meta-analyses showed a pooled prevalence of depression of 31% (95% CI:25-38%) in the presence of high and significant heterogeneity (Q = 8988; p < 10; I = 99%) and publication bias (p < 0.001).
The burden of post-COVID depression substantially exceeds the pre-pandemic prevalence. Health care services for COVID-19 survivors should monitor and treat emergent depression, reducing its potential detrimental long-term effects.
新冠疫情爆发两年后仍在全球范围内传播。约 30%的 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者报告患有抑郁症。我们旨在通过伞式综述综合现有荟萃分析证据，探索 SARS-CoV-2 感染期间和之后的抑郁患病率。
首先，我们进行了叙述性伞式综述，仅包括提供 SARS-CoV-2 感染期间或之后抑郁患病率定量总结的荟萃分析。然后，我们从纳入的每项荟萃分析中的原始研究中提取了患病率和样本量，在去除重复研究后，我们基于单个原始研究的估计值进行了随机效应模型荟萃分析。进行了异质性、发表偏倚、逐一剔除敏感性分析和亚组分析。
伞式综述纳入了 14 项荟萃分析。在存在高度异质性的情况下，抑郁的患病率从 12%到 55%不等。基于纳入的 14 项荟萃分析中的 85 项原始研究的荟萃分析显示，存在高度且显著的异质性（Q = 8988；p < 10；I = 99%）和发表偏倚（p < 0.001）的情况下，抑郁的总患病率为 31%（95% CI：25-38%）。
新冠后抑郁的负担大大超过了大流行前的患病率。新冠幸存者的医疗保健服务应监测和治疗新出现的抑郁，以降低其潜在的长期不良影响。
