Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Sleep-Wake Disorder, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Dec 19;22(1):798. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04474-1.
Although negative attitudes are known to develop with experiences of COVID-19 infection, it remains unclear whether such attitudes contribute to depression and anxiety as sequelae of COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the relationships between attitude towards COVID-19 infection and post-COVID-19 depression and anxiety.
A cross-sectional survey of COVID-19 recovered patients was conducted from July to September 2021 in Japan. Outcome variables, depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7); scores of 10 and above were identified as having symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Exposure variables were whether participants were experiencing the following attitude strongly: threat to life due to COVID-19 infection, helplessness regarding COVID-19 infection, blaming a third party who did not restrain from going outside, blaming themselves for their COVID-19 infection, worry about spreading the infection to others, and self-stigma (Self-Stigma Scale-Short). Modified Poisson regression analyses were performed to analyze the findings.
A total of 6016 responses were included in the analyses. The proportion of depression was 19.88%, and anxiety was 11.47%. The threat of life due to COVID-19 infection, helplessness regarding COVID-19 infection, blaming oneself for their COVID-19 infection, and self-stigma were significantly associated with depression and anxiety after adjusting covariates. Blaming the third party who did not restrain from going outside was associated with anxiety. There was no association between the worry about spreading infection to others and depression or anxiety.
Negative attitudes, including self-stigma with the experience of COVID-19 infection, were related to depression and anxiety. Further studies confirming whether countermeasures for preventing or decreasing the negative attitude towards COVID-19 infection mitigate these symptoms are needed.
虽然已知感染 COVID-19 会产生负面态度，但仍不清楚这些态度是否会导致 COVID-19 后出现抑郁和焦虑等后遗症。我们旨在调查对 COVID-19 感染的态度与 COVID-19 后抑郁和焦虑之间的关系。
2021 年 7 月至 9 月在日本对 COVID-19 康复患者进行了横断面调查。使用患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）和广泛性焦虑症-7（GAD-7）评估结局变量，抑郁和焦虑；得分 10 分及以上被确定为存在抑郁和焦虑症状。暴露变量是参与者是否强烈经历以下态度：感染 COVID-19 会威胁生命、对 COVID-19 感染感到无助、责怪没有外出限制的第三方、责怪自己感染 COVID-19、担心感染他人以及自我污名化（自我污名量表-短）。进行了修正泊松回归分析以分析研究结果。
共纳入 6016 份分析响应。抑郁的比例为 19.88%，焦虑的比例为 11.47%。调整协变量后，感染 COVID-19 会威胁生命、对 COVID-19 感染感到无助、责怪自己感染 COVID-19 和自我污名化与抑郁和焦虑显著相关。责怪没有外出限制的第三方与焦虑相关。对感染他人的担忧与抑郁或焦虑无关。
包括感染 COVID-19 经历在内的消极态度与抑郁和焦虑有关。需要进一步的研究来确认预防或减少对 COVID-19 感染的负面态度的对策是否可以减轻这些症状。
