Szwarcwald Célia Landmann, Boccolini Cristiano Siqueira, da Silva de Almeida Wanessa, Soares Filho Adauto Martins, Malta Deborah Carvalho
Institute of Scientific and Technological Communication and Information in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Arch Public Health. 2022 Dec 19;80(1):255. doi: 10.1186/s13690-022-01012-z.
The COVID-19 pandemic brought countless challenges to public health and highlighted the Brazilian health system vulnerabilities in facing the emergency. In this article, we analyze data on COVID-19-related deaths in 2020-21 to show the epidemic consequences in Brazil.
The Mortality Information System and the Live Birth Information System were the primary information sources. We used population estimates in 2020-21 to calculate COVID-19 specific mortality rates by age, sex, and educational level. Considering the total number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020-21, the COVID-19 proportional mortality (%) was estimated for each age group and sex. A graph of the daily number of deaths from January 2020 to December 2021 by sex was elaborated to show the temporal evolution of COVID-19 deaths in Brazil. In addition, four indicators related to COVID-19 mortality were estimated: infant mortality rate (IMR); maternal mortality ratio (MMR); number and rate of orphans due to mother's COVID-19 death; the average number of years lost.
The overall COVID-19 mortality rate was 14.8 (/10,000). The mortality rates increase with age and show a decreasing gradient with higher schooling. The rate among illiterate people was 38.8/10,000, three times higher than a college education. Male mortality was 31% higher than female mortality. COVID-19 deaths represented 19.1% of all deaths, with the highest proportions in the age group of 40-59 years. The average number of years lost due to COVID-19 was 19 years. The MMR due to COVID-19 was 35.7 per 100,000 live births (LB), representing 37.4% of the overall MMR. Regarding the number of orphans due to COVID-19, we estimated that 40,830 children under 18 lost their mothers during the epidemic, with an orphans' rate of 7.5/10,000 children aged 0-17 years. The IMR was 11.7 per 1000 LB, with 0.2 caused by COVID-19. The peak of COVID-19 deaths occurred in March 2021, reaching almost 4000 COVID-19 deaths per day, higher than the average number of deaths per day from all causes in 2019.
The delay in adopting public health measures necessary to control the epidemic has exacerbated the spread of the disease, resulting in several avoidable deaths.
新冠疫情给公共卫生带来了无数挑战，并凸显了巴西卫生系统在应对这一紧急情况时的脆弱性。在本文中，我们分析了2020年至2021年与新冠相关的死亡数据，以展示巴西的疫情后果。
死亡信息系统和活产信息系统是主要信息来源。我们使用2020年至2021年的人口估计数，按年龄、性别和教育水平计算新冠特异性死亡率。考虑到2020年至2021年新冠死亡总数，估算了各年龄组和性别的新冠比例死亡率（%）。绘制了2020年1月至2021年12月按性别划分的每日死亡人数图表，以展示巴西新冠死亡的时间演变。此外，还估算了与新冠死亡率相关的四个指标：婴儿死亡率（IMR）；孕产妇死亡率（MMR）；因母亲新冠死亡导致的孤儿数量和比率；平均寿命损失年数。
新冠总体死亡率为14.8（/10000）。死亡率随年龄增长而上升，且随着受教育程度提高呈下降梯度。文盲人群中的死亡率为38.8/10000，是大学学历人群的三倍。男性死亡率比女性死亡率高31%。新冠死亡占所有死亡的19.1%，在40至59岁年龄组中占比最高。因新冠导致的平均寿命损失年数为19年。新冠导致的孕产妇死亡率为每10万活产35.7例，占总体孕产妇死亡率的37.4%。关于因新冠导致的孤儿数量，我们估计在疫情期间有40830名18岁以下儿童失去母亲，0至17岁儿童的孤儿比率为7.5/10000。婴儿死亡率为每1000活产11.7例，其中0.2例由新冠导致。新冠死亡高峰出现在2021年3月，每天几乎有4000例新冠死亡，高于2019年所有原因导致的每日平均死亡人数。
在采取控制疫情所需的公共卫生措施方面的延迟加剧了疾病传播，导致了一些可避免的死亡。
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