Risk factors & perinatal outcomes of major depression during pregnancy: A population-based study during 2010-2020 in two major cities of Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION

Ever since the world came into being different factors and circumstances contributed in a deteriorating fashion to mental health, and depression is the commonest of mental disturbance and incapability. We aimed to identify the risk factors for perinatal outcomes of maternal depression.

METHODS

Data extracted was from two important cities of Pakistan i.e Islamabad and Karachi, and the numbers are 500,000 and 800,000 respectively. The timeline of the information was from 2010 to 2020 to signify a decade. Women with active pregnancy and depression were included. Chisquare analysis was run to predict which factors had a significant impact on depression. Odds ratio was separately run on the significant factors. Regression analysis was done to describe the relationships between independent variables and each other.

RESULTS

The most preferred procedure of delivery was cesarean section in Islamabad and more than 500,000 in Karachi. Low-income women in Karachi had a mean depression score of 12.4 while men with the same socioeconomic class had a score of 23.4. 15.7 females in Islamabad reported medications taken during pregnancy & 34.9 females from major depression group. Mean of 87.9 individuals from Islamabad reported living with husband from no serious depression during pregnancy. In Population of Islamabad, Previous pregnancies and birth weight in comparison with depression is significant having p value 0.00. Maternal age, fetal sex & gestational age are also significant indicators of whether a woman is depressed or not. Apgar scores & violence in relation to depression are significant in Karachi Population having p values of 0.049 and 0.028.

CONCLUSION

Female health and neonatal care should be a serious concern, but unfortunately in spite of progression in the field of medicine the low income or third world countries don't have sufficient awareness and due to that Pakistan still reports high maternal and neonatal mortality rates.