Macher E
Hautklinik, Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster.
Hautarzt. 1987 Aug;38(8):489-94.
Malignant melanoma is a suitable model for studying the growth of malignant tumors in general, because there are no obstacles to observation during its course and it can easily be obtained. Local progression of the tumor implies stepwise changes from low to high malignancy. However, regression can also be recognized, often simultaneously with progression. Both phenomena can be explained with reference to heterogeneity of tumor cells and instability of phenotypes. These are reflected not only in morphologic differences but also in the production of enzymes and factors and the expression of antigens. Phenotypic dynamics are not haphazard but rather according to definite principles. Levels of early tumor-associated and HLA-A,B,C (class I) antigens decline with advancing progression, whereas those of some late "risk" antigens, including HLA-D (class II) antigens, increase. Tumor and host interact, apparently in alternating directions, until biologic preponderance is established.
恶性黑色素瘤是研究一般恶性肿瘤生长的合适模型，因为在其病程中观察没有障碍且易于获取。肿瘤的局部进展意味着从低恶性到高恶性的逐步变化。然而，也可以识别出消退，通常与进展同时发生。这两种现象都可以参考肿瘤细胞的异质性和表型的不稳定性来解释。这些不仅体现在形态学差异上，还体现在酶和因子的产生以及抗原的表达上。表型动态并非随机，而是遵循确定的原则。早期肿瘤相关抗原和HLA - A、B、C（I类）抗原的水平随着进展而下降，而一些晚期“风险”抗原，包括HLA - D（II类）抗原的水平则升高。肿瘤与宿主相互作用，显然是交替进行的，直到建立生物学优势。
