Jackson M R, Mayhew T M, Haas J D
Department of Anatomy, Marischal College, University of Aberdeen, Scotland.
J Anat. 1987 Jun;152:173-87.
Point counting volumetry has been used to decide whether or not altitudinal, ethnic and sex differences in birth weight in Bolivia are accompanied by changes in placental composition. Sixty eight placentae from healthy, term pregnancies were sampled from populations of Amerindian and non-Indian women living in Santa Cruz (400 m) and La Paz (3600 m). Altitudinal reductions in birth weight were not accompanied by significant alterations in placental weight yet highland placentae were substantially different in histological composition. On average, the highland placenta had a more voluminous intervillous space but reduced volumes of villi, juxtavillous fibrin and non-parenchyma. Whilst Amerindian newborn were heavier, placental weights were similar in both ethnic groups. However, the Amerindian placenta tended to possess more trophoblast and more villous stroma than its non-Indian counterpart. No sex differences were detected save for an interaction effect on fibrin which involved altitude, ethnic group and sex. Findings are discussed in the context of known morphometric and physiological differences between placentae in different experimental groups, notably in other types of pregnancy associated with reduced fetal growth.
点计数体积法已被用于确定玻利维亚出生体重的海拔、种族和性别差异是否伴随着胎盘组成的变化。从居住在圣克鲁斯（400米）和拉巴斯（3600米）的美洲印第安人和非印第安妇女群体中，采集了68个来自健康足月妊娠的胎盘样本。出生体重的海拔降低并未伴随着胎盘重量的显著变化，但高地胎盘在组织学组成上有很大差异。平均而言，高地胎盘的绒毛间隙更宽大，但绒毛、绒毛旁纤维蛋白和非实质组织的体积减少。虽然美洲印第安新生儿体重更重，但两个种族群体的胎盘重量相似。然而，美洲印第安人的胎盘往往比非印第安人的胎盘拥有更多的滋养层和更多的绒毛间质。除了纤维蛋白上涉及海拔、种族和性别的交互作用外，未检测到性别差异。研究结果在不同实验组胎盘已知的形态计量学和生理学差异的背景下进行了讨论，特别是在与胎儿生长受限相关的其他类型妊娠中。
