Toyama Noriko
School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Infancy. 2023 May;28(3):684-704. doi: 10.1111/infa.12523. Epub 2022 Dec 22.
This longitudinal study examined the relationship between the development of locomotion and infants' interaction with others involving objects. Observations took place in a multi-person situation-a day-care class-for one-year-old infants for 1 year. The study participants were 13 infants and 7 caregivers (all Japanese). Frequencies of infants' manual contact with objects and moving before contact with them did not differ according to locomotion developmental level. However, infants who began walking engaged in more social interactions than those who were cruising or crawling. Throughout all locomotor developmental periods, social interactions increased in frequency when more caregivers were present. As infants began to walk, they moved more prior to social interactions, had more frequent bidirectional and triadic social interactions, and moved and interacted more often with others during a single object episode. These results suggest that crawlers' engagement with objects is relatively object-oriented, while for walkers, locomotion seems to be driven by social stimuli. Infants who have begun to walk moved among caregivers and peers in a multi-person environment and developed more elaborated social interactions through objects.
这项纵向研究考察了运动发展与婴儿涉及物体的与他人互动之间的关系。观察在一种多人情境——一个针对一岁婴儿的日托班——中进行，为期1年。研究参与者为13名婴儿和7名照料者（均为日本人）。婴儿手部接触物体的频率以及在接触物体之前移动的频率，并未因运动发展水平而有所不同。然而，开始走路的婴儿比那些正在学步或爬行的婴儿参与了更多的社交互动。在所有运动发展阶段，当有更多照料者在场时，社交互动的频率会增加。随着婴儿开始走路，他们在社交互动之前移动得更多，进行双向和三方社交互动的频率更高，并且在单个物体事件中与他人移动和互动得更频繁。这些结果表明，爬行婴儿与物体的互动相对以物体为导向，而对于会走路的婴儿来说，运动似乎是由社会刺激驱动的。已经开始走路的婴儿在多人环境中在照料者和同伴之间移动，并通过物体发展出更复杂的社交互动。
