Clearfield Melissa W, Osborne Christine N, Mullen Molly
Department of Psychology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2008 Aug;100(4):297-307. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2008.03.005. Epub 2008 May 2.
This study investigated how infants gather information about their environment through looking and how that changes with increases in motor skills. In Experiment 1, 9.5- and 14-month-olds participated in a 10-min free play session with both a stranger and ambiguous toys present. There was a significant developmental progression from passive to active social engagement, as evidenced by younger infants watching others communicate more and older infants making more bids for social interaction. Experiment 2 examined longitudinally the impact of age and walking onset on this progression. The transition to independent walking marked significant changes in how often infants watched others communicate and made active bids for social interaction. Results suggest that infants transition from passive observers as crawlers to active participants in their social environment with the onset of walking.
本研究调查了婴儿如何通过观察来收集有关其环境的信息，以及随着运动技能的提高这种情况是如何变化的。在实验1中，9.5个月大和14个月大的婴儿参加了一个10分钟的自由玩耍环节，有一个陌生人和一些不明确的玩具在场。从被动到主动的社交参与有显著的发展进程，这表现为较小的婴儿更多地观看他人交流，而较大的婴儿进行更多的社交互动尝试。实验2纵向研究了年龄和开始走路对这一进程的影响。向独立行走的转变标志着婴儿观看他人交流的频率以及进行社交互动尝试的次数发生了显著变化。结果表明，随着开始走路，婴儿从作为爬行者的被动观察者转变为其社交环境中的主动参与者。
