Despite the advances in understanding the biology of hematologic neoplasms which has resulted in the approval of new drugs, the therapeutic options are still scarce for relapsed/refractory patients. Eribulin is a unique microtubule inhibitor that is currently being used in the therapy for metastatic breast cancer and soft tissue tumors. Here, we uncover eribulin's cellular and molecular effects in a molecularly heterogeneous panel of hematologic neoplasms. Eribulin reduced cell viability and clonogenicity and promoted apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The minimal effects of eribulin observed in the normal leukocytes suggested selectivity for malignant blood cells. In the molecular scenario, eribulin induces DNA damage and apoptosis markers. The , , p-AKT, p-NFκB, and NFκB levels were associated with responsiveness to eribulin in blood cancer cells, and a resistance eribulin-related target score was constructed. Combining eribulin with elacridar (a P-glycoprotein inhibitor), but not with PDTC (an NFkB inhibitor), increases eribulin-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that eribulin leads to mitotic catastrophe and cell death in blood cancer cells. The expression and activation of MDR1, PI3K/AKT, and the NFκB-related targets may be biomarkers of the eribulin response, and the combined treatment of eribulin and elacridar may overcome drug resistance in these diseases.