Zhou Chao, Zhou Fating, He Yarong, Liu Yan, Cao Yu
Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Brain Sci. 2022 Dec 2;12(12):1657. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12121657.
Cerebral ischemia impedes the functional or metabolic demands of the central nervous system (CNS), which subsequently leads to irreversible brain damage. While recanalization of blocked vessels recovers cerebral blood flow, it can also aggravate brain injury, termed as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Exosomes, nanometric membrane vesicles, attracted wide attention as carriers of biological macromolecules. In the brain, exosomes can be secreted by almost all types of cells, and their contents can be altered during the pathological and clinical processes of cerebral I/R injury. Herein, we will review the current literature on the possible role of cargos derived from exosomes and exosomes-mediated intercellular communication in cerebral I/R injury. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched through January 2015. The studies published in English were identified using search terms including "exosomes", "cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury", "brain ischemia-reperfusion injury", and "stroke". We will also focus on the potential therapeutic effects of stem cell-derived exosomes and underlying mechanisms in cerebral I/R injury. Meanwhile, with the advantages of low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, high bioavailability, and the capacity to pass through the blood-brain barrier, exosomes also attract more attention as therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
脑缺血会阻碍中枢神经系统（CNS）的功能或代谢需求，进而导致不可逆的脑损伤。虽然阻塞血管的再通可恢复脑血流，但也会加重脑损伤，即缺血/再灌注（I/R）损伤。外泌体是纳米级的膜泡，作为生物大分子的载体受到广泛关注。在大脑中，几乎所有类型的细胞都能分泌外泌体，并且在脑I/R损伤的病理和临床过程中其内容物会发生改变。在此，我们将综述当前有关外泌体衍生货物以及外泌体介导的细胞间通讯在脑I/R损伤中可能作用的文献。检索了截至2015年1月的PubMed和Web of Science数据库。使用包括“外泌体”、“脑缺血-再灌注损伤”、“脑缺血-再灌注损伤”和“中风”等检索词来识别以英文发表的研究。我们还将重点关注干细胞衍生外泌体在脑I/R损伤中的潜在治疗作用及潜在机制。同时，外泌体具有低免疫原性和细胞毒性、高生物利用度以及穿过血脑屏障的能力等优势，作为治疗脑I/R损伤的治疗方式也吸引了更多关注。
