College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (College of Tree Peony), Heze University, Heze 274015, China.
College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Nov 27;13(12):2229. doi: 10.3390/genes13122229.
Andr., a member of Paeoniaceae, is native to China. In its 1600 years' cultivation, more than 2000 cultivars for different purposes (ornamental, medicinal and oil use) have been inbred. However, there are still some controversies regarding the provenance of tree peony cultivars and the phylogenetic relationships between and within different cultivar groups. In this study, plastid genome sequencing was performed on 10 representative tree peony cultivars corresponding to 10 different flower types. Structure and comparative analyses of the plastid genomes showed that the total lengths of the chloroplast genome of the 10 cultivars ranged from 152,153 to 152,385 bp and encoded 84-88 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNAs and 31-40 tRNAs. The number of simple sequence repeats and interspersed repeat sequences of the 10 cultivars ranged from 65-68 and 40-42, respectively. Plastid phylogenetic relationships of species/cultivars were reconstructed incorporating data from our newly sequenced plastid genomes and 15 published species, and results showed that subsect. was the closest relative to the central plains cultivar group with robust support, and that it may be involved in the formation of the group. was recovered as a successive sister group to this lineage. Additionally, eleven morphological characteristics of flowers were mapped to the phylogenetic skeleton to reconstruct the evolutionary trajectory of flower architecture in Paeoniaceae.
牡丹属植物原产于中国，已有 1600 多年的栽培历史。在其栽培过程中，人们为了不同的目的（观赏、药用和油用）对其进行了超过 2000 次的品种选育。然而，关于牡丹品种的起源和不同品种群之间以及品种群内的系统发育关系仍然存在一些争议。本研究对 10 个具有代表性的牡丹品种进行了质体基因组测序，这些品种对应 10 种不同的花型。质体基因组结构和比较分析表明，10 个品种的叶绿体基因组总长度在 152153-152385bp 之间，编码 84-88 个蛋白编码基因、8 个 rRNA 和 31-40 个 tRNA。10 个品种的简单序列重复和散布重复序列的数量分别为 65-68 个和 40-42 个。本研究将新测序的质体基因组数据与 15 个已发表的物种数据相结合，构建了种/品种的质体系统发育关系，结果表明，亚属是中原品种群的最近亲缘关系，可能参与了该品种群的形成。该品种群与该谱系的连续姊妹群 是继牡丹之后最亲近的关系。此外，11 个花部形态特征被映射到系统发育骨架上，以重建芍药科花部结构的进化轨迹。
