Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK.
School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Nov 28;13(12):2232. doi: 10.3390/genes13122232.
The aim of this study is to investigate whether the genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that give rise to supernumeraries in the maxillary incisor region and larger dimensions of the adjacent maxillary incisors are also associated with variations in the morphology of the mandibular incisors. If so, this would contribute to understanding the distribution and interactions of factors during dental development and how these can be modelled. The sample consisted of 34 patients with supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region, matched for gender, age and White Caucasian ethnicity with 34 control subjects. The average ages of the supernumerary and control groups were 12.8 and 12.2 years, respectively. Study models of all subjects were constructed and imaged using a previously validated system. Using custom software, each of the mandibular incisor teeth were measured to obtain 17 parameters from the labial view and 17 from the occlusal view. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to summarize the measurements into a smaller set representing distinct features of the clinical crowns, followed by a comparison between the supernumerary and control groups using 2-way ANOVA. Seven factors of tooth size of the mandibular central incisors and six factors of the mandibular lateral incisors were identified as major features of the clinical crowns. All parameters of both mandibular incisors were greater in the supernumerary group than in the control, with three of these, located in the incisal and cervical regions of the mandibular lateral incisors, being statistically significantly larger. The findings of this study indicate that the aetiological factors associated with supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region also affect tooth crown dimensions of mandibular incisors. This new evidence enhances several models of the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental components of dental development and supports a multi-model approach to increase understanding of this process and its variations.
本研究旨在探讨在上颌前牙区产生多生牙和相邻上颌切牙较大尺寸的遗传、表观遗传和环境因素是否也与下颌切牙形态的变化有关。如果是这样，这将有助于了解牙齿发育过程中各种因素的分布和相互作用，以及如何对其进行建模。该样本包括 34 名上颌前牙区有多生牙的患者，按性别、年龄和白种人种族与 34 名对照组相匹配。多生牙组和对照组的平均年龄分别为 12.8 岁和 12.2 岁。所有受试者的研究模型均采用先前验证过的系统构建和成像。使用定制软件，从唇面和咬合面测量每个下颌切牙，从唇面获得 17 个参数，从咬合面获得 17 个参数。使用主成分分析（PCA）将测量结果总结为一组较小的特征，代表临床牙冠的明显特征，然后使用双向方差分析对多生牙组和对照组进行比较。下颌中切牙的 7 个牙体大小因素和下颌侧切牙的 6 个牙体大小因素被确定为临床牙冠的主要特征。多生牙组的所有下颌切牙参数均大于对照组，其中三个位于下颌侧切牙的切缘和颈缘区域，统计学上显著更大。本研究的结果表明，与上颌前牙区多生牙相关的病因因素也会影响下颌切牙的牙冠尺寸。这一新证据增强了几种遗传、表观遗传和环境因素在牙齿发育中的相互作用模型，并支持采用多模型方法来增加对这一过程及其变异的理解。
