Chakraborty Anik, Pal Animesh, Saha Bidyut Baran
Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Dec 9;15(24):8818. doi: 10.3390/ma15248818.
Radionuclide-contaminated water is carcinogenic and poses numerous severe health risks and environmental dangers. The activated carbon (AC)-based adsorption technique has great potential for treating radionuclide-contaminated water due to its simple design, high efficiency, wide pH range, quickness, low cost and environmental friendliness. This critical review first provides a brief overview of the concerned radionuclides with their associated health hazards as well as different removal techniques and their efficacy of removing them. Following this overview, this study summarizes the surface characteristics and adsorption capabilities of AC derived from different biomass precursors. It compares the adsorption performance of AC to other adsorbents, such as zeolite, graphene, carbon nano-tubes and metal-organic frameworks. Furthermore, this study highlights the different factors that influence the physical characteristics of AC and adsorption capacity, including contact time, solution pH, initial concentration of radionuclides, the initial dosage of the adsorbent, and adsorption temperature. The theoretical models of adsorption isotherm and kinetics, along with their fitting parameter values for AC/radionuclide pairs, are also reviewed. Finally, the modification procedures of pristine AC, factors determining AC characteristics and the impact of modifying agents on the adsorption ability of AC are elucidated in this study; therefore, further research and development can be promoted for designing a highly efficient and practical adsorption-based radionuclide removal system.
放射性核素污染的水具有致癌性，并带来众多严重的健康风险和环境危害。基于活性炭（AC）的吸附技术因其设计简单、效率高、pH适用范围广、速度快、成本低且环保，在处理放射性核素污染水方面具有巨大潜力。本综述首先简要概述了相关放射性核素及其伴随的健康危害，以及不同的去除技术及其去除效果。在此概述之后，本研究总结了源自不同生物质前驱体的活性炭的表面特性和吸附能力。它将活性炭与其他吸附剂（如沸石、石墨烯、碳纳米管和金属有机框架）的吸附性能进行了比较。此外，本研究强调了影响活性炭物理特性和吸附容量的不同因素，包括接触时间、溶液pH值、放射性核素的初始浓度、吸附剂的初始用量以及吸附温度。还综述了吸附等温线和动力学的理论模型，以及它们对活性炭/放射性核素对的拟合参数值。最后，本研究阐明了原始活性炭的改性程序、决定活性炭特性的因素以及改性剂对活性炭吸附能力的影响；因此，可以促进进一步的研发，以设计出高效实用的基于吸附的放射性核素去除系统。
