Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53714-161, Iran.
Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran.
Molecules. 2022 Dec 15;27(24):8914. doi: 10.3390/molecules27248914.
In this research work, the TiSnC MAX phase (MP) was synthesized via the reactive sintering procedure. The layered and crystalline structure of this MP was verified by SEM, HRTEM, and XRD analyses. This nano-additive was used for improvement of different features of the polyethersulfone (PES) polymeric membranes. The blended membranes containing diverse quantities of the MP (0-1 wt%) were fabricated by a non-solvent-induced phase inversion method. The asymmetric structure of the membranes with small holes in the top layer and coarse finger-like holes and macro-voids in the sublayer was observed by applying SEM analysis. The improvement of the membrane's hydrophilicity was verified via reducing the contact angle of the membranes from 63.38° to 49.77° (for bare and optimum membranes, respectively). Additionally, in the presence of 0.5 wt% MP, the pure water flux increased from 286 h to 355 L/m h. The average roughness of this membrane increased in comparison with the bare membrane, which shows the increase in the filtration-available area. The high separation efficiency of the oil/water emulsion (80%) with an improved flux recovery ratio of 65% was illustrated by the optimum blended membrane.
在这项研究工作中，通过反应烧结法合成了 TiSnC MAX 相（MP）。通过 SEM、HRTEM 和 XRD 分析验证了这种 MP 的层状和结晶结构。这种纳米添加剂用于改善聚醚砜（PES）聚合物膜的不同特性。通过非溶剂诱导相转化法制备了含有不同数量 MP（0-1wt%）的共混膜。通过 SEM 分析观察到膜的不对称结构，顶层有小孔，亚层有粗的指状孔和大孔。通过将膜的接触角从 63.38°降低到 49.77°（裸膜和最佳膜分别）验证了膜的亲水性的提高。此外，在添加 0.5wt% MP 的情况下，纯水通量从 286 L/m h 增加到 355 L/m h。与裸膜相比，该膜的平均粗糙度增加，表明过滤可用面积增加。最佳共混膜显示出高的油水乳液分离效率（80%）和改进的通量恢复率（65%）。
