Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece.
Nutrients. 2022 Dec 10;14(24):5275. doi: 10.3390/nu14245275.
During pregnancy, women tend to improve their lifestyle habits and refine their dietary intake. Quite often, however, these dietary improvements take an unhealthy turn, with orthorexia nervosa (ON) practices being apparent. The aim of the present pilot cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of ON tendencies and the incidence of pica and record diet practices in a sample of pregnant women. A total of 157 pregnant women were recruited through private practice gynecologists during the first months of 2021. Nutrition-related practices were recorded, orthorexic tendencies were assessed using the translated and culturally adapted Greek version of the ORTO-15 questionnaire, pica practices were evaluated with a binary question and nausea and emesis during pregnancy (NVP) was evaluated using the translated modified Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (mPUQE). Only two women reported pica tendencies, with ice and snow being the consumed items. The majority (61.1%) of women reported improving their diet since conception was achieved. Folic acid and iron oral nutrient supplements (ONS) were reportedly consumed by the majority of participants (87.9% and 72.6%, respectively) and 9.6% reported using herbal medicine products. The ORTO-15 score was reduced with tertiary education attainment, ART conception, being in the third trimester of pregnancy, consumption of folic acid and MV supplements and was only increased among women who were at their first pregnancy. The majority of participants experienced severe NVP and the remaining experienced moderate NVP. NVP was associated with lower hemoglobin levels, lack of supplementary iron intake, avoidance of gluten-containing foods, as well as with increased gestational weight gain. The results highlight the need to screen pregnant women for disturbed eating behaviors and nutrition-related problems, in order to ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome.
在怀孕期间，女性往往会改善生活方式习惯并调整饮食摄入。然而，这些饮食上的改善往往会朝着不健康的方向发展，出现饮食失调的现象，尤其是矫枉过正症（orthorexia nervosa，ON）。本研究旨在评估 157 名孕妇的矫枉过正症倾向、异食癖的发生率以及饮食习惯。本研究采用病例对照研究，通过私人妇产科医生在 2021 年头几个月招募了 157 名孕妇。记录了与营养相关的行为，使用经过翻译和文化适应的希腊版 ORTO-15 问卷评估了矫枉过正症倾向，使用二分类问题评估了异食癖行为，使用翻译后的改良妊娠特异性呕吐和恶心问卷（mPUQE）评估了妊娠恶心和呕吐（NVP）。只有两名女性报告有异食癖倾向，食用的物品为冰和雪。大多数女性（61.1%）表示自怀孕以来改善了饮食。大多数参与者（87.9%和 72.6%）报告服用了叶酸和铁口服营养素补充剂（ONS），9.6%的参与者报告使用了草药产品。ORTO-15 评分随着高等教育程度、辅助生殖技术（ART）受孕、处于妊娠晚期、叶酸和 MV 补充剂的摄入而降低，仅在初次怀孕的女性中增加。大多数参与者经历了严重的妊娠恶心和呕吐，其余的经历了中度妊娠恶心和呕吐。妊娠恶心和呕吐与较低的血红蛋白水平、缺乏铁补充剂摄入、避免食用含麸质的食物以及增加妊娠体重增加有关。结果强调了筛查孕妇的饮食行为和营养相关问题的必要性，以确保健康的妊娠结局。
