Faruga-Lewicka Wioleta, Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria, Janiszewska Patrycja, Grot Martina, Kardas Marek
Department of Food Technology and Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Department of Reproductive Health and Sexology, Department of Women's Health, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Sep 26;12(19):1932. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12191932.
Pregnancy is a period of many changes in a woman's life, including those related to eating habits, taking care of health and fitness, as well as esthetic and psychological considerations.
The study was conducted between January 2021 and December 2022. A questionnaire was used to conduct the study, the questions of which concerned eating habits, as well as perceptions of one's body and changes in appearance during pregnancy. Respondents filled out the questionnaire twice. The first survey was in the first two weeks after the doctor's confirmation of pregnancy and after the end of pregnancy, up to a maximum of 2 months after delivery. The purpose of the study was to evaluate changes in women's eating habits during pregnancy compared to before pregnancy to analyze the impact of pregnancy on women's body perception and attractiveness and self-confidence; furthermore, the study aimed to analyze the body mass index (BMI) of women before pregnancy and to compare weight gain during pregnancy depending on the initial BMI, taking into account different age groups. The values of measurable parameters were presented using the arithmetic mean, median, dominant and standard deviation. Non-measurable parameters were presented using percentages. The Chi2 test of homogeneity was used to examine differences between groups.
During pregnancy, respondents mostly ate five meals a day, increased the amount of vegetables and fruits in their diets, and ate their meals without rushing (defined as slowly, calmly and without measuring the time left until the end of the meal break). Respondents reduced their coffee intake during pregnancy, while they increased their water intake to about 2 L a day. In the survey, about 2% of respondents followed a weight-loss diet during pregnancy. Respondents who were more likely to take body circumference measurements equally often monitored their daily energy intake.
Women changed their eating habits during pregnancy to healthier ones compared to before pregnancy. The women's eating habits and well-being were also not affected by their age. Also, there was no significant relationship between eating habits and well-being in pregnant women, regardless of their age. The study may assist medical staff in promoting healthier eating habits and tailoring psychological support, which is crucial for the well-being of pregnant women.
怀孕是女性生活中发生诸多变化的时期，包括与饮食习惯、健康和健身护理以及审美和心理因素相关的变化。
该研究于2021年1月至2022年12月进行。使用问卷调查来开展研究，问卷问题涉及饮食习惯、对自身身体的认知以及孕期外貌变化。受访者填写问卷两次。首次调查在医生确认怀孕后的前两周以及产后最多2个月内、怀孕结束后进行。该研究的目的是评估女性孕期饮食习惯与孕前相比的变化，分析怀孕对女性身体认知、吸引力和自信心的影响；此外，该研究旨在分析女性孕前的体重指数（BMI），并根据初始BMI比较不同年龄组女性孕期的体重增加情况。可测量参数的值用算术平均值、中位数、众数和标准差表示。不可测量参数用百分比表示。使用卡方同质性检验来检验组间差异。
孕期，受访者大多每天吃五餐，增加了饮食中蔬菜和水果的量，并且不匆忙进食（定义为缓慢、平静且不计算用餐休息结束前剩余的时间）。受访者孕期减少了咖啡摄入量，同时将水摄入量增加到约每天2升。在调查中，约2%的受访者在孕期遵循减肥饮食。更有可能测量身体周长的受访者同样经常监测每日能量摄入。
与孕前相比，女性在孕期将饮食习惯改变得更健康。女性的饮食习惯和幸福感也不受年龄影响。此外，无论年龄大小，孕妇的饮食习惯与幸福感之间均无显著关系。该研究可能有助于医护人员推广更健康的饮食习惯并提供量身定制的心理支持，这对孕妇的幸福感至关重要。
