Cardoso Vitor, Destounis Kyriakos, Duque Francisco, Macedo Rodrigo Panosso, Maselli Andrea
Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal.
Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Dec 9;129(24):241103. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.241103.
We establish a generic, fully relativistic formalism to study gravitational-wave emission by extreme-mass-ratio systems in spherically symmetric, nonvacuum black hole spacetimes. The potential applications to astrophysical setups range from black holes accreting baryonic matter to those within axionic clouds and dark matter environments, allowing one to assess the impact of the galactic potential, of accretion, gravitational drag, and halo feedback on the generation and propagation of gravitational waves. We apply our methods to a black hole within a halo of matter. We find fluid modes imparted to the gravitational-wave signal (a clear evidence of the black hole fundamental mode instability) and the tantalizing possibility to infer galactic properties from gravitational-wave measurements by sensitive, low-frequency detectors.
我们建立了一种通用的、完全相对论形式体系，用于研究球对称、非真空黑洞时空中极端质量比系统的引力波发射。其在天体物理环境中的潜在应用范围广泛，从吸积重子物质的黑洞到轴子云及暗物质环境中的黑洞，这使得人们能够评估星系势、吸积、引力拖曳和晕反馈对引力波产生和传播的影响。我们将我们的方法应用于物质晕中的一个黑洞。我们发现流体模式会赋予引力波信号（这是黑洞基本模式不稳定性的明确证据），并且存在通过灵敏的低频探测器从引力波测量中推断星系性质的诱人可能性。
