Shandybina N D, Kuropatenko M V, Moshonkina T R
Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
J Evol Biochem Physiol. 2022;58(6):1879-1891. doi: 10.1134/S0022093022060175. Epub 2022 Dec 22.
The review addresses modern methods of electrical stimulation used to regulate the function of external respiration in humans. The methods include abdominal functional stimulation of respiratory muscles, diaphragmatic stimulation, phrenic nerve stimulation, epidural and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation. The physiological rationale of their application is described along with the examples of their use in clinical practice, including stimulation parameters and electrode placement diagrams for each of the methods. We analyze the effectiveness of each of the methods in patients with respiratory muscle paresis and the features of their use depending on the level of spinal cord injury. Special attention is paid to the method of epidural spinal cord stimulation because this technique is widely used in electrophysiological studies on animal models, providing deeper insight into the spinal levels of the functional control of external respiration. The review substantiates the great potential of using the method of transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation both in fundamental studies of external respiration and in clinical practice.
这篇综述探讨了用于调节人体外呼吸功能的现代电刺激方法。这些方法包括对呼吸肌的腹部功能性刺激、膈肌刺激、膈神经刺激、硬膜外和经皮脊髓刺激。文中描述了这些方法应用的生理学原理，并举例说明了它们在临床实践中的使用情况，包括每种方法的刺激参数和电极放置图。我们分析了每种方法在呼吸肌无力患者中的有效性以及根据脊髓损伤程度使用这些方法的特点。特别关注硬膜外脊髓刺激方法，因为该技术在动物模型的电生理研究中被广泛应用，能更深入地了解外呼吸功能控制的脊髓水平。这篇综述证实了经皮脊髓电刺激方法在基础外呼吸研究和临床实践中的巨大潜力。
