Hashemi Farideh, Razmi Mahdieh, Tajik Fatemeh, Zöller Margot, Dehghan Manshadi Masoumeh, Mahdavinezhad Forough, Tiyuri Amir, Ghods Roya, Madjd Zahra
Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Stem Cells. 2023 Mar 17;41(3):207-232. doi: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac089.
Despite the conventional cancer therapeutic, cancer treatment remains a medical challenge due to neoplasm metastasis and cancer recurrence; therefore, new approaches promoting therapeutic strategies are highly desirable. As a new therapy, the use of whole neoplastic stem cells or cancer stem cell (CSC)-based vaccines is one strategy to overcome these obstacles. We investigated the effects of whole CSC-based vaccines on the solid tumor development, metastasis, and survival rate.
Primary electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) and a major clinical registry were searched. Interventional studies of whole CSC-based vaccines in rodent cancer models (38 studies) and human cancer patients (11 studies) were included; the vaccine preparation methodologies, effects, and overall outcomes were evaluated.
Preclinical studies were divided into 4 groups: CSC-lysates/ inactivated-CSC-based vaccines, CSC-lysate-loaded dendritic cell (CSC-DC) vaccines, cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) vaccines generated with CSC-DC (CSC-DC-CTL), and combinatorial treatments carried out in the prophylactic and therapeutic experimental models. The majority of preclinical studies reported a promising effect on tumor growth, survival rate, and metastasis. Moreover, whole CSC-based vaccines induced several antitumor immune responses. A small number of clinical investigations suggested that the whole CSC-based vaccine treatment is beneficial; however, further research is required.
This comprehensive review provides an overview of the available methods for assessing the efficacy of whole CSC-based vaccines on tumor development, metastasis, and survival rate. In addition, it presents a set of recommendations for designing high-quality clinical studies that may allow to determine the efficacy of whole CSC-based-vaccines in cancer therapy.
尽管有传统的癌症治疗方法，但由于肿瘤转移和癌症复发，癌症治疗仍然是一项医学挑战；因此，非常需要促进治疗策略的新方法。作为一种新的疗法，使用全肿瘤干细胞或基于癌症干细胞（CSC）的疫苗是克服这些障碍的一种策略。我们研究了基于全CSC的疫苗对实体瘤发展、转移和生存率的影响。
检索了主要电子数据库（PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、Embase和Web of Science）以及一个主要临床注册库。纳入了在啮齿动物癌症模型（38项研究）和人类癌症患者（11项研究）中基于全CSC疫苗的干预性研究；评估了疫苗制备方法、效果和总体结果。
临床前研究分为4组：基于CSC裂解物/灭活CSC的疫苗、负载CSC裂解物的树突状细胞（CSC-DC）疫苗、由CSC-DC产生 的细胞毒性T细胞（CTL）疫苗（CSC-DC-CTL），以及在预防性和治疗性实验模型中进行的联合治疗。大多数临床前研究报告了对肿瘤生长、生存率和转移有良好效果。此外，基于全CSC的疫苗诱导了几种抗肿瘤免疫反应。少数临床研究表明基于全CSC的疫苗治疗是有益的；然而，还需要进一步研究。
本综述全面概述了评估基于全CSC的疫苗对肿瘤发展、转移和生存率疗效的现有方法。此外，它还提出了一系列设计高质量临床研究的建议，这些研究可能有助于确定基于全CSC的疫苗在癌症治疗中的疗效。
