Annau Z
Johns Hopkins University, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1987 Mar-Apr;9(2):151-5. doi: 10.1016/0892-0362(87)90092-4.
Most human victims of residential fires die of smoke inhalation. The cause of death of the victims is attributed to high levels of carboxyhemoglobin, but it is not clear why the victims are unable to escape even from locations remote from flaming combustion. In an attempt to provide a model of escape from toxic gases using animals, a complex maze was built for rats with 8 choice points. The animals were 24 hr water deprived and trained to remain in the start box for 15 min. Following this period, a rat was released in the maze and had to learn to avoid blind alleys and reach the goal box for water reinforcement within 15 min. Total time to traverse and total distance in the maze were recorded. Each animal was given one trial per day. After stable running times were established, different groups of six rats were exposed to 2000, 3000, 3500, and 4000 ppm of carbon monoxide (CO) when placed in the maze. Each animal was exposed to CO only once. On the day after CO exposure the rats were implanted with an arterial cannula and on the next day each animal was exposed to the same CO concentration it had previously experienced for 30 min. Blood samples were taken every 5 min. The effect of increasing CO concentrations was to increase maze running times as well as to decrease the number of animals reaching the goal. At 3500 ppm no animal reached the goal. At 2000 ppm, the animals that failed to reach the goal moved a greater distance than animals that reached the goal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
大多数住宅火灾中的人类受害者死于吸入烟雾。受害者的死因归因于高浓度的碳氧血红蛋白，但尚不清楚为何受害者即使在远离明火燃烧的地方也无法逃脱。为了建立一个利用动物逃离有毒气体的模型，为大鼠建造了一个有8个选择点的复杂迷宫。动物被剥夺24小时饮水，并训练它们在起始箱中停留15分钟。在此期间过后，将一只大鼠放入迷宫，它必须学会避开死胡同，并在15分钟内到达目标箱以获取水作为奖励。记录穿越迷宫的总时间和总距离。每只动物每天进行一次试验。在建立稳定的奔跑时间后，将不同的六只大鼠组放入迷宫时，使其暴露于2000、3000、3500和4000 ppm的一氧化碳（CO）中。每只动物仅暴露于CO一次。在暴露于CO后的第二天，给大鼠植入动脉插管，然后在接下来的一天，让每只动物暴露于它之前经历过的相同CO浓度下30分钟。每5分钟采集一次血样。增加CO浓度的影响是增加迷宫奔跑时间，并减少到达目标的动物数量。在3500 ppm时，没有动物到达目标。在2000 ppm时，未到达目标的动物比到达目标的动物移动的距离更远。（摘要截取自250字）
