Department of Social Work, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Amara Regional State, Ethiopia.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Amara Regional State, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2022 Dec 12;10:1039755. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1039755. eCollection 2022.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Previous studies have described risky sexual behavior and associated factors among HIV-positive people. These studies, however, did not use a model of unsafe sexual behavior that could address both subjective and objective factors of sexual activity, and there is no study that examines the distal aspects of risky sexual behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the risky sexual behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS using a model of unsafe sexual behavior.
An institutional-based study was conducted from March to April 2022. The sample size was determined by using Sloven's formula. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. Study participants were selected using systematic sampling method. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and correlation tests were computed to analyze the data. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically.
This study included a total of 181 PLWHA clients. The average score for participants' perception regarding the facts of HIV/AIDS was 48.7% (95% CI: 38.9, 58.4). Three months prior to the study, 46.3% of study participants had engaged in at least one risky sexual activity (95% CI: 33.8, 65.4). The correlation model revealed a positive correlation between living in a rural area and risky sexual behavior (value = 0.001). Furthermore, a poor perception of HIV risks was associated with risky sexual behavior (value = 0.003). Economic issues, stigma and discrimination, and usage of substances were also identified as contributing factors to unsafe sexual activity in the qualitative data.
A high proportion of PLWHA clients had engaged in at least one risky sexual activity in the 3 months prior to the study. It is not enough to be on ART; additional educational interventions that shape the sexual behavior of PLWHA clients must be considered.
在埃塞俄比亚，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题。先前的研究描述了 HIV 阳性人群的危险性行为及其相关因素。然而，这些研究没有使用不安全性行为模型来解决性行为的主观和客观因素，也没有研究检查埃塞俄比亚 HIV/AIDS 患者中危险性行为的远端方面。因此，本研究旨在使用不安全性行为模型来检查 HIV/AIDS 患者的危险性行为。
本研究于 2022 年 3 月至 4 月进行，采用基于机构的研究方法。采用斯洛文公式确定样本量。在这项研究中，同时使用了定量和定性方法。研究参与者通过系统抽样法选择。使用访谈者管理的问卷收集数据。使用描述性统计和相关检验分析数据。对定性数据进行主题分析。
本研究共纳入 181 名 PLWHA 患者。参与者对 HIV/AIDS 事实认知的平均得分是 48.7%（95%CI：38.9，58.4）。在研究前 3 个月，46.3%的研究参与者至少进行过一次危险性行为（95%CI：33.8，65.4）。相关性模型显示，居住在农村地区与危险性行为呈正相关（值=0.001）。此外，对 HIV 风险的认知较差与危险性行为相关（值=0.003）。在定性数据中，经济问题、耻辱感和歧视以及物质使用也被认为是不安全性行为的促成因素。
研究前 3 个月，相当一部分 PLWHA 患者至少进行过一次危险性行为。仅仅接受抗逆转录病毒治疗是不够的；必须考虑对 PLWHA 患者进行塑造性行为的额外教育干预。
