National University of La Matanza, La Matanza, Argentina.
National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina.
J Glob Health. 2022 Dec 29;12:05056. doi: 10.7189/jogh.12.05056.
Governmental interventions have been important tools for mitigating COVID-19 transmission, but they have also negatively impacted different gender-related components. We aimed to answer the following questions: What is the scope of the gender approach in the literature analysing health and social protection policies promoted during the COVID-19 pandemic? What are the challenges and recommendations for gender-sensitive policies for the post-pandemic and future crises?
The study design is based on three stages: a global synthesis of the evidence through a scoping review, the generation of a framework of emerging inequalities based on sociocultural markers, and the creation of a matrix with the challenges and recommendations. In this scoping review, we searched 10 online databases for studies published until April 2022 and conducted a content analysis on the extracted studies.
Of the 771 identified records, 67 met our inclusion criteria. Most studies had a female person (52/67) as the first author. The binary model was the main approach addressed in the studies (61/67). The literature showed that the closure, distancing, and other social policies did not include a gender approach and generated negative gaps related to economic instability, reproductive roles, and gender violence. In the intersectionality dimension, multiple aspects emerged (macro, meso, micro-social level, and individual level). Greater gender gaps in connection with employment (related to increased housework) were observed during the closure and distancing stage of the pandemic. Asymmetries related to female participation in the management of the pandemic and an increase in discrimination and abuse of diversity groups were detected.
We observed gaps both in the gender approach both in knowledge and in policy implementation during the pandemic in the different countries explored in this work. This is a call to attention and action for researchers, political decision-makers, and other interested parties to incorporate and accentuate the gender perspective in all policies related to the post-pandemic period and future social and health crises.
政府干预措施是减轻 COVID-19 传播的重要手段，但也对与性别相关的不同方面产生了负面影响。我们旨在回答以下问题：在分析 COVID-19 大流行期间推行的卫生和社会保护政策的文献中，性别方法的范围是什么？对于后疫情时期和未来危机中的性别敏感政策，存在哪些挑战和建议？
该研究设计基于三个阶段：通过范围综述对证据进行全球综合，根据社会文化标志物生成新兴不平等框架，以及创建具有挑战和建议的矩阵。在这项范围综述中，我们在 10 个在线数据库中搜索了截至 2022 年 4 月发表的研究，并对提取的研究进行了内容分析。
在 771 条记录中，有 67 条符合我们的纳入标准。大多数研究（52/67）的第一作者为女性。二元模型是研究中主要采用的方法（61/67）。文献表明，关闭、隔离和其他社会政策没有纳入性别方法，导致与经济不稳定、生殖角色和性别暴力相关的负面差距。在交叉性维度中，出现了多个方面（宏观、中观、微观社会层面和个人层面）。在大流行的关闭和隔离阶段，与就业相关的性别差距更大（与增加家务劳动有关）。还发现了与女性参与大流行管理相关的不对称性，以及对多样性群体的歧视和滥用增加。
我们观察到在这项工作中所探讨的不同国家在大流行期间的知识和政策实施方面都存在性别方法方面的差距。这是对研究人员、政治决策者和其他利益相关方的呼吁，要求他们在与后疫情时期和未来社会和卫生危机相关的所有政策中纳入并强调性别观点。
