Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Women's and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2023 May 2;117(5):317-325. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trac126.
Assessing the maternal mental health status during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is necessary to prevent the occurrence of severe mental disorders. Prenatal depression, anxiety and stress disorders are prominent in pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and highly associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Therefore this study aimed to assess the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among HIV-positive pregnant women in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Amhara region referral hospitals from 17 October 2020 to 1 March 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 423 eligible women. A structured, pretested and interviewer-administered questionnaire was employed to collect the data. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was implemented to identify factors associated with women's depression, anxiety and stress. Statistical association was certain based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-values ≤0.05.
Prenatal depression, anxiety and stress among HIV-positive pregnant women were 37.6% (95% CI 33 to 42.3), 42.1 (95% CI 37.7 to 46.7) and 34.8% (95% CI 30.3 to 39.2), respectively. Having an HIV-negative sexual partner (AOR 1.91 [95% CI 1.16 to 3.15]) and being on antiretroviral therapy >1 year (AOR 2.18 [95% CI 1.41 to 3.36]) were found to be statistically significant with women's antenatal depression, while unplanned pregnancy (AOR 1.09 [95% CI 1.02 to 2.33]) and did not discuss with the sexual partner about HIV (AOR 3.21 [95% CI 2.12 to 7.07]) were the factors associated with prenatal anxiety.
In this study, more than one in three HIV-positive pregnant women had depression and anxiety. Thus, implementing strategies to prevent unplanned pregnancy and advocating open discussion with sexual partners about HIV will play a large role in reducing pregnancy-related depression and anxiety.
评估 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间孕产妇的心理健康状况对于预防严重精神障碍是必要的。在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的孕妇中，产前抑郁、焦虑和压力障碍较为突出，并且与产妇和新生儿不良结局密切相关。因此，本研究旨在评估 COVID-19 大流行期间埃塞俄比亚 HIV 阳性孕妇的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平。
这是一项在 2020 年 10 月 17 日至 2021 年 3 月 1 日在阿姆哈拉地区转诊医院进行的基于机构的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术选取 423 名符合条件的妇女。采用结构化、预测试和访谈员管理的问卷收集数据。采用多变量逻辑回归分析确定与妇女抑郁、焦虑和压力相关的因素。基于调整后的优势比（AOR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）和 p 值≤0.05 确定统计关联。
HIV 阳性孕妇的产前抑郁、焦虑和压力分别为 37.6%（95%CI 33 至 42.3）、42.1%（95%CI 37.7 至 46.7）和 34.8%（95%CI 30.3 至 39.2）。有 HIV 阴性性伴侣（AOR 1.91 [95%CI 1.16 至 3.15]）和接受抗逆转录病毒治疗>1 年（AOR 2.18 [95%CI 1.41 至 3.36]）与孕妇产前抑郁显著相关，而意外怀孕（AOR 1.09 [95%CI 1.02 至 2.33]）和未与性伴侣讨论 HIV（AOR 3.21 [95%CI 2.12 至 7.07]）是产前焦虑的相关因素。
在这项研究中，超过三分之一的 HIV 阳性孕妇患有抑郁和焦虑。因此，实施预防意外怀孕的策略并倡导与性伴侣公开讨论 HIV 将在降低与怀孕相关的抑郁和焦虑方面发挥重要作用。
