Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Lingshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Qinzhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jun 22;11:1182619. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1182619. eCollection 2023.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered a global public health crisis and has brought an unprecedented impact on pregnant women. The problems faced by pregnant women in the rural areas of China during the epidemic are different from those in urban areas. Although the epidemic situation in China has gradually improved, studying the impact of the previous dynamic zero COVID-19 policy on the anxiety status and lifestyle of pregnant women in rural areas of China, is still necessary.
A cross-sectional survey of pregnant women in rural South China was conducted from September 2021 to June 2022.Using questionnaires, sociodemographic characteristics, anxiety status, physical activity, sleep quality, and dietary status of the population were collected. Using the propensity score matching method, the effect of the dynamic zero COVID-19 strategy on the anxiety status and lifestyle of pregnant women was analyzed.
Among the pregnant women in the policy group ( = 136) and the control group ( = 680), 25.7 and 22.4% had anxiety disorders, 83.1 and 84.7% had low or medium levels of physical activity, and 28.7 and 29.1% had sleep disorders, respectively. However, no significant difference ( > 0.05) was observed between the two groups. Compared with control group, the intake of fruit in the policy group increased significantly ( = 0.019), whereas that of aquatic products and eggs decreased significantly ( = 0.027). Both groups exhibited an unreasonable dietary structure and poor compliance with the Chinese dietary guidelines for pregnant women ( > 0.05). The proportion of pregnant women in the policy group, whose intake of stable food ( = 0.002), soybean, and nuts ( = 0.004) was less than the recommended amount, was significantly higher than that in the control group.
The dynamic zero COVID-19 strategy had little impact on the anxiety status, physical activity, and sleep disorders of pregnant women in the rural areas of South China. However, it affected their intake of certain food groups. Improving corresponding food supply and organized nutritional support should be addressed as a strategic approach to improve the health of pregnant women in rural South China during the pandemic.
2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行引发了全球公共卫生危机，给孕妇带来了前所未有的影响。中国农村地区孕妇在疫情期间面临的问题与城市地区不同。尽管中国的疫情形势已逐渐好转，但研究之前动态清零 COVID-19 政策对中国农村地区孕妇焦虑状况和生活方式的影响仍然是必要的。
本研究于 2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 6 月期间，采用横断面调查方法对中国华南农村地区的孕妇进行调查。使用问卷收集人口的社会人口特征、焦虑状况、身体活动、睡眠质量和饮食状况。采用倾向评分匹配方法分析动态清零 COVID-19 策略对孕妇焦虑状况和生活方式的影响。
在政策组（n=136）和对照组（n=680）中，分别有 25.7%和 22.4%的孕妇患有焦虑症，83.1%和 84.7%的孕妇有低或中等水平的身体活动，分别有 28.7%和 29.1%的孕妇睡眠障碍。然而，两组之间没有显著差异（>0.05）。与对照组相比，政策组水果的摄入量显著增加（=0.019），而水产和蛋类的摄入量显著减少（=0.027）。两组均表现出不合理的饮食结构和对中国孕妇膳食指南的依从性差（>0.05）。政策组孕妇稳定食物（=0.002）、大豆和坚果（=0.004）摄入量低于推荐量的比例明显高于对照组。
动态清零 COVID-19 策略对中国华南农村地区孕妇的焦虑状况、身体活动和睡眠障碍影响不大，但对某些食物组的摄入有影响。改善相应的食物供应和有组织的营养支持应作为改善疫情期间中国农村孕妇健康的战略方法。
